Abstract
Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora hibernalis . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Citrus limon, C. medica, C. paradisi, C. reticulate and C. sinensis . Also reported in association with other species of Phytophthora ; on citrus fruit in Italy with P. syringae and P. cactorum (34: 717) and on Sesamum indicum with a species related to the P. parasitica-palmivora group in Venezuela (34: 817). DISEASE: Causing brown rot of fruit, and leaf and twig blight. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (South); Asia (Israel); Australasia & Oceania (Australia,? Fiji, New Zealand); Europe (France, Italy, Portugal, Sicily and? Spain); North America [California (U.S.A.)]; Central America & West Indies [? Antilles, listed by Cook (19: 1103) without details]; South America [Argentina (as P . syringae ),? Venezuela]. (CMI Map 47) TRANSMISSION: By rain splash from soil to low hanging fruit and foliage, and by wind-borne sporangia accompanying or just following rain, to higher portions of the tree (12: 212).
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