Abstract
In the present study, phytofabricated selenium nanoparticles (PF-SeNPs) were prepared from aqueous fruit extract of Emblica officinalis in a facile, green, economic, tactic and eco-friendly way. The aqueous fruit extract of E. officinalis was found to be rich with various secondary metabolites including phenolics (59.18 ± 2.91 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), flavonoids (38.50 ± 2.84 mg catechin equivalents/g), and tannins (44.28 ± 3.09 mg tannic acid equivalents/g) and determined that highly appropriate for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles. The facile phytofabrication of PF-SeNPs was confirmed by UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopic analysis. The XRD pattern and Raman spectroscopy showed that synthesized PF-SeNPs were amorphous in nature. The Zeta potential analysis confirmed that PF-SeNPs were negatively charged (-24.4 mV). The DLS analysis revealed that PF-SeNPs were in nano size and less aggregated with poly-dispersity index of less than 0.2. The SEM images depicted that PF-SeNPs were spherical in shape. The EDX analysis revealed that PF-SeNPs were constituted with Se (61.60%), C (29.96%), and O (4.41%). The HR-TEM analysis determined that PF-SeNPs were in nano size with an average diameter of 15–40 nm. The PF-SeNPs have offered fascinating bio-potential applications, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and biocompatibility. They have also exhibited dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity, and EC50 was determined as 15.67 ± 1.41 and 18.84 ± 1.02 μg/mL for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. The PF-SeNPs has also shown the wide range of antimicrobial activity on foodborne pathogens, and it was found to be highly efficient on fungi followed by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The biocompatibility of PF-SeNPs was assessed in N2a cells with much higher IC50 value (dose required to inhibit 50% of cell viability) compared to sodium selenite. Also, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and caspase-3 were much less altered on treatment of PF-SeNPs related to sodium selenite. The cytotoxic studies clearly determined that PF-SeNPs was much less toxic and safer related to sodium selenite. Thus, PF-SeNPs could find suitable application as antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industry.
Highlights
Antibiotic resistance and food safety have become two of the major health apprehensions for the public, government, and regulatory agencies in the last two decades (Sundararaj et al, 2019)
We report for the first time, a quick synthesis of phytofabricated selenium nanoparticles (PF-SeNPs) from fruit extract of Emblica officinalis and establishment of biocompatibility of PF-SeNPs relating with cytotoxicity of precursor sodium selenite
Plant secondary metabolites are reported as potential candidates for biogenic production of nanoparticles and the method was highly satisfactory and being termed as green synthesis tactic (Akhtar et al, 2013)
Summary
Antibiotic resistance and food safety have become two of the major health apprehensions for the public, government, and regulatory agencies in the last two decades (Sundararaj et al, 2019). There is a necessity to design substitutive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties that do not induce antimicrobial resistance and detrimental effects on human and animal health and can be used by the food industries in compliance to food safety. Nanoparticles have the extensive range of applications in biological sciences, i.e., pharmaceuticals, medical diagnosis, cosmetics, agriculture and food industry, etc. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have drawn attention and are widely accepted in biomedicine and food science due to their low toxicity and high biocompatibility (Tran et al, 2015). We report for the first time, a quick synthesis of phytofabricated selenium nanoparticles (PF-SeNPs) from fruit extract of Emblica officinalis and establishment of biocompatibility of PF-SeNPs relating with cytotoxicity of precursor sodium selenite. Potential biological applications of PF-SeNPs were explored by antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and biocompatibility assays
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