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Abstract
Agrobacterium fabrum is a widely used model bacterium for gene transfer from pro- to eukaryote, for genetics and metabolism. The phytochrome system of Agrobacterium, encompassing the two phytochromes Agp1 and Agp2, has provided deep insight into phytochrome action in a bacterial organism. This review summarizes recent results on phytochrome evolution, phytochrome regulation of conjugation and plant infection and biochemical studies including the crystal structure of Agp1-PCM, the photosensory core module of Agp1.
Highlights
The focus of this review is on the phytochromes Agp1 and Agp2 of Agrobacterium fabrum
Whereas plant phytochromes have been discovered by physiology and spectral assays (Butler et al, 1959), bacterial phytochromes were identified by their gene sequence, with the consequence that often their biological functions are unknown
The impression that prokaryotic phytochromes could be restricted to cyanobacteria was soon rejected because ongoing genome sequencing of other bacteria revealed these photoreceptors in species like Deinococcus radiodurans (Davis et al, 1999), Bradyrhizobium sp., Rhodopseudomonas palustris (Giraud et al, 2002), or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Tasler et al, 2005)
Summary
Reviewed by: Andreas Winkler Graz University of Technology, Austria Enrique Lopez-Juez, University of London, United Kingdom. The focus of this review is on the phytochromes Agp and Agp of Agrobacterium fabrum. These are involved in regulation of conjugation, gene transfer into plants, and other effects. In Overall Distribution of Phytochromes section, we address the overall distribution of phytochromes and different domain organizations. Both Agp and Agp have been used for a number of biophysical studies and crystal structure analyses. These studies will be summarized in Light Induced Protein Conformational Changes and Protein Structure section, with the focus on protein conformational changes. Since the focus of the present issue is on plant phytochromes, we will try to make links between A. fabrum and plants where appropriate
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