Abstract
Ammi species belong to the family Umbellifereae that provide a host of bioactive compounds (mainly coumarins and flavonoids) of important biological activities, like prevention and treatment of heart and vascular disease and some types of cancer. Literature survey revealed that there was no study concerning Ammi flavonoids in Iraq. Ammi majus and Ammi visnaga, which are wildly grown in Iraq, were chosen for this study. This study concerned with extraction, identification, isolation, and purification of some biologically important flavonols quercetin and kaempferol from the fruits of Ammi majus and Ammi visnaga. Extraction of these flavonols was carried out using 85% methanol and 90% ethanol. Identification of these flavonols quercetin and kaempferol was done using thin Layer chromatography (TLC) where different solvent systems had been tried. Ultra violet (UV) Light and iodine vapor where used for detection. This identification was further augmented by using high performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC) and then these flavonols were isolated and purified. The most suitable extraction, isolation and purification procedures of flavonols were fully described in this study. The identification of isolated flavonols (quercetin & kaempferol) was carried out using melting point (M.P.), Thin Layer chromatography (TLC), and infrared spectroscopy (IR).This study confirms the presence of quercetin and kaempferol in Ammi majus & an Ammi visnaga fruit, the percentage of quercetin was higher in Ammi visnaga than Ammi majus, while the percentage of kaempferol was higher in Ammi majus than Ammi visnaga.
 Key words : Ammi majus , Ammi visnaga , quercetin , kaempferol .
Highlights
Ammi is a genus of 3-6 species of flowering plants in the ApiaceaeFamily; They are native in southern Europe, northen Africa and south west Asia.[1,2] Ammi majus and Ammi visnaga are one of the most important medicinal plant species in the world.(3) In Iraq Ammi majus usually found in fields and gardens and by the side of channels, often as weed of cultivation
Family; They are native in southern Europe, northen Africa and south west Asia.[1,2] Ammi majus and Ammi visnaga are one of the most important medicinal plant species in the world.[3]
Qualitative and quantitative estimation of flavonoid using high performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique Qualitative and quantitative estimations of quercetin and kaempferol were done by using Knauer/Germany High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in which identifications were made by comparism of retention time obtained at identical chromatographic conditions of analyzed samples and authentic standards.The HPLC conditions are listed in the following table [1]: Sample Quercetin Kaempferol
Summary
Family; They are native in southern Europe, northen Africa and south west Asia.[1,2] Ammi majus and Ammi visnaga are one of the most important medicinal plant species in the world ( figure 1 , figure 2 ).(3) In Iraq Ammi majus usually found in fields and gardens and by the side of channels, often as weed of cultivation. [68]Among these flavonoids : quercetin which is a flavonol type of flavonoids that has been shown to help prevent the development of a variety of condition related to inflammation and free radical damage, including arthritis, allergies, macular degeneration, heart disease, gout, and various forms of cancer.[9,10]The other flavonol found in these plants is the kaempferol, which is a strong antioxidant and help to prevent oxidative damage of our cells, lipids and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) It seems to prevent arteriosclerosis by inhibiting the oxidation of low density lipoprotein and the formation of platelets in the blood. Studies have confirmed that Kaempferol acts a chemopreventive agent which means that it inhibits the formation of cancer cell [9,11]
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