Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study is to screen for the phytochemical constituents which are of pharmacological importance present in the ethanolic extract of whole plant of Sida glutinosa (SG). 
 Methods: The ethanolic extract of the dried whole plant of SG is subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening which showed the presence of major phytoconstituents such as phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The extract was screened for its antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical, Iron (III) to Iron (II) reducing activity, and nitric oxide scavenging assay. Further, the ethanolic extract was subjected to fingerprinting technique high-pressure thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (Rp-HPLC) was performed to estimate the amount of total phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids quantitatively in isocratic mode.
 Results: Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of the plant showed the presence of pharmacologically important constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids. The study also revealed the potential antioxidant activity of the extract with IC50 value. The extract fingerprinting through HPTLC revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents. Rp-HPLC showed 0.35±0.12 μg/ml of total phenolics, 0.0013±0.05μg/ml of alkaloids, and 0.00081±0.08 μg/ml of flavonoids.
 Conclusion: Scientific evaluation of SG which has therapeutic significance was carried out which is an important concept for the standardization of the plant-based drug. Further, there is a need for isolation and characterization of the lead molecules their systemic evaluation for its pharmacological activities.
Highlights
Sida glutinosa (SG) belongs to Malvaceae family
In spite of its wide usage as an herbal treatment, there is no extensive research on the phytochemical screening, which is very important for the standardization of the drug
The study deals with the standardization of drug by qualitative and quantitative analysis of total phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids which are of biological importance by reverse phase high-pressure chromatography (Rp-HPLC) in the ethanol extract of SG which is not done till date
Summary
Sida glutinosa (SG) belongs to Malvaceae family It is an annual herb and is found extensively grown in the region of Eastern and Southern regions of India and extended into the region between South East Asia and Burma. In spite of its wide usage as an herbal treatment, there is no extensive research on the phytochemical screening, which is very important for the standardization of the drug. From the methanolic extract of aerial parts of the plant showed the presence of a glucoside which is flavonoid [3]. The study deals with the standardization of drug by qualitative and quantitative analysis of total phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids which are of biological importance by reverse phase high-pressure chromatography (Rp-HPLC) in the ethanol extract of SG which is not done till date
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