Abstract
Objective: To screen phytochemical compounds and study antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Pluchea indica (L.) Less (PI) leaves extracts for assessment the moisturizing lotion bar formulation containing it’s as a bioactive ingredient.
 Methods: PI leaves were extracted in different solvents. Crude extracts were screened phytochemical compounds and evaluated antioxidant and antimicrobial activities before formulating to antibacterial moisturizing lotion bar.
 Results: 95% ethanolic extract displayed high antioxidant activities. DPPH radical scavenging capacity with IC50 was 6.80±0.04 mg/ml (61.37±0.41%) and the ferric reducing ability power was 381.20±0.10 mg AAE/100 gDW. Additionally, 95% ethanolic extract served as a broad spectrum bacteriostatic agents against gram-positive and gram-negative species with an inhibition zone of 6.50±0.00-46.67±0.58 mm. It also was simultaneously as a broad spectrum bactericidal agents (MIC and MBC value of 25-200 mg/ml) by broth micro-dilution method. The screened phytochemical constituents (saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids) in PI leaves extract may be responsible for high biological activities. Thus, 95% ethanolic extract was the most appropriate bioactive ingredient for formulated the product development.
 Conclusion: The developed moisturizing lotion bar with 0.0041% of 95% ethanolic extract was the most eligible formula that showed good appearance, odor, color, homogeneity, after feel and stability. This extract-containing lotion bar formulation achieved a high level of customer satisfaction by sensory evaluation and development of this specific formulation should be subject to further clinical investigation.
Highlights
Nowadays, many people's behaviors in all genders and ages are paying more attention to their skincare
Terpenoids and alkaloids as secondary metabolites were present in all the solvent extracts of Pluchea indica (L.) Less (PI) leaves while anthraquinone and cardiac glycosides were absent from all the extracts
The results indicated that total phenolic content (TPC) of 95% ethanolic extract of PI leaves (547.40±1.60 mgGAE/100g DW) was displayed higher than that of other solvent extracts followed by aqueous (517.3±1.40 mgGAE/100g DW), 75% acetone (390.10±1.60 mgGAE/100g DW) and 99.8% chloroform extracts (77.00±0.40 mgGAE/100g DW), respectively
Summary
Many people's behaviors in all genders and ages are paying more attention to their skincare. Skin is the external organ of human that is most exposed to the various foreign matters in the diverse environment, which may cause various skin-related disorders [1]. In order to prevent skin disorders, it is always necessary to well protect, keep and maintain your skin. There are a wide variety of popular skincare products available today, such as moisturizing, anti-aging, sunscreen and skin whitening products in term of lotions and creams. Skincare products that have been currently very popular are natural lotion products. Because it can reduce the side effects or skin irritation symptoms of consumers. There are continuing efforts to study and research the bioactive ingredients from plants with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity as components for developing product formulations to meet the growing demand of consumers
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