Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity, and Total Phenol Profile of Carica pubescens Leaves from Cangar, Batu-East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Mountain papayas (Carica pubescens) spread limitedly and can only adapt in the highland environment. In Malang area, C. pubescens is found only in the Cangar area (3000 masl). The study was carried out to determine active compounds, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic of C. pubescens stem and leaves methanolic extract. The samples of C. pubescens leaves were taken from Cangar, Batu-East Java. Afterward, the phytochemical screening analysis was conducted using LCMS (Shimadzu brand) with three types of solvent, i.e., methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform. The leaves and stem extract were produced by a maceration method using methanol as a solvent. The antioxidant activity of C. pubescens stem and leaves extract series concentration 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm and DPPH as standard. Total phenolic content was estimated according to the Folin Ciocalteu method and Gallic acid as standard. The data of active compounds in papaya leaves were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 62 types of active compound were dominantly identified using ethyl acetate, followed by 60 types were found by methanol, and 53 types were identified using chloroform solvent. The IC50 value of C. pubescens leaves, and stem methanolic extract was 35.64 ppm and 62.34 ppm respectively. The total phenolic concentration also showed that leaves methanolic extract (62.1134 mg EGA/g) is higher than stem methanolic extract (30.9278 mg EGA/g). Furthermore, those results reveal that the extract from ethyl acetate produces a more active compound compared to methanol and chloroform from the C. pubescens leaves. Otherwise, the methanolic extract from the leaves has a higher potential antioxidant rather than the stem methanolic extract.