Abstract
Plants are well known in traditional herbal medicines for their hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities and are often used due to their accessibility, affordability, and corollary effects. Leptopus cordifolius has been reported to control diabetes in folkloric medicine, but no known scientific research has been conducted to assess the plausibility of this assertion. Therefore, the current study is aimed to investigate the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of Leptopus cordifolius leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic evaluation was conducted in Swiss albino mice at doses of 150–250°mg/kg for 15°days. The blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, creatinine, ALP, SGPT, and SGOT levels were estimated according to standard procedures. Phytochemicals of leaves were analyzed using GC-MS analysis. Enzymatic antioxidant activity of the plant was investigated spectrophotometrically by carrying out superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase assays. The membrane stabilization potential of L. cordifolius leaf extracts was carried out using an in vitro haemolytic assay. The results revealed a dose response effect with the methanolic extract of L. cordifolius which had significant antihyperglycemic effects at 150–250°mg/kg in alloxan treated mice, although less than the positive control (glibenclamide). Hyperlipidemic activity was significant at 250 mg/kg. The biochemical parameters, such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, creatinine, ALP, SGPT, and SGOT, were significantly improved (p < 0.01) by the methanolic extract of 250 mg/kg compared to the diabetic group. Treatment for 15 days showed significant elevation (p < 0.01) of antioxidant enzymes. GC-MS analysis provided tentative identifications of 52 compounds in the methanolic extract of L. cordifolius, of which 12 compounds have reported antidiabetic activity. In conclusion, methanolic extract of L. cordifolius of 150 and 250°mg/kg body weight showed significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice and, with further work, has the potential to be used to manage blood glucose and cholesterol levels.
Highlights
The results revealed a dose response effect with the methanolic extract of L. cordifolius which had significant antihyperglycemic effects at 150–250°mg/kg in alloxan treated mice, less than the positive control
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most severe and incurable metabolic disorders, characterized by an increase in blood glucose level due to an absolute or relative lack of insulin and failure of insulin to act on its target tissue (Dey et al, 2015)
Alloxan induces diabetes through ROS that leads to rapid destruction of pancreatic beta cells, causing hyperglycemia (Stanely et al, 2000)
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most severe and incurable metabolic disorders, characterized by an increase in blood glucose level due to an absolute or relative lack of insulin and failure of insulin to act on its target tissue (Dey et al, 2015). Diabetes mellitus is known to cause hyperlipidemia through various metabolic derangements. The existing drug therapies of sulfonylureas, biguanides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, and glinides have challenges in terms of cost, safety, and efficacy (Omonije et al, 2019). These hypoglycemic agents may cause adverse effects like renal toxicity, hypoglycemia, hepatotoxicity, and gastrointestinal disorders (Carpio and Fonseca, 2014)
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