Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Test of Leaf Extract of Canar Susu (Smilax macrocarpa Blume) Against Eschercihia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis

Abstract

Smilax is one of the genus Smilacaceae is widely used as a medicinal plant because it contains various secondary metabolites with some bioactivity, such as anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial. One species of Smilax that has not been studied and only grew in Indonesia is Smilax macrocarpa Blume (canar susu). Therefore, a preliminary study of phytochemicals and biological activities is required to encourage progress and novelty in science and to know its phylogenetics in Indonesia's biodiversity. The research was done by extraction method using maceration with methanol as a solvent. Simplicia characteristic, toxicity test with BSLT method, phytochemical screening according to Harborne method, and antibacterial activity test using microdilution against including Escherihia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were performed to leaf extract of canar susu. The results obtained that methanol extract of canar susu leaves contains alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and glycosides. Water content, ash content, acid-soluble ash content, water sari content, and alcohol sari concentration 8.74%; 3.60%; 0.11%; 19.01% and 5.40% respectively. Toxicity results obtained LC50 680.07 ppm. Antibacterial activity test against E. coli has MIC 625 ppm, whereas in P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 are 1.250 ppm. The MBC values for E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 were 5,000 ppm. Based on this result known S. macrocarpa Blume is not potential as antibacterial, but potential as biopesticide according to toxicity result.