Abstract
This study was undertaken to document how typhoid is traditionally treated in Bamboutos division. For this purpose thirty eight plants species were selected. These plants underwent phytochemical screening and antibacterial study using standard procedures. The antibacterial tests using agar well diffusion method and microdilution assay indicated that, all the thirty eight plant samples showed activity against S. typhi, while S. paratyphi A and S. paratyphi B reacted on fifteen and fourteen plants respectively. The highest zones of inhibition were obtained from Senna alata with diameter of 24, 22.5 and 20.5 mm against S. paratyphi A, S. paratyphi B and S. typhi respectively at 160 mg/ml concentration. The lowest MIC values 128 µg/ml was exhibited by the extract of Vitex doniana against Salmonella paratyphi A. Bactericidal activity was obtained by the extract of Carica papaya, Pseudarthria confertiflora, Moringa oleifera and Harungana madagascariensis. Antibacterial screened of Pseudartthria confertiflora was reported for the first time. Annona muricata, Laggera alata, Spathodea campanulata, Cordia platythyrsa, Carica papaya, Terminalia glaucescens and Pseudarthria confertiflora gave positive results for all secondary metabolites while other plants contained two to five metabolites. The presence of these secondary metabolites probably contributes to the antibacterial potential of these plants. This finding supported the uses of these plants for treatment of typhoid fever and other infectious diseases in the study area.
Highlights
Knowledge on plant uses is the result of many years of man’s interaction and selection on the most desirable, the most vigorous and the most successful plant present in the immediate environment at a given time (Rindos, 1984)
The highest zones of inhibition were obtained from Senna alata with diameter of 24, 22.5 and 20.5 mm against S. paratyphi A, S. paratyphi B and S. typhi respectively at 160 mg/ml concentration
There is a global consensus on the benefits of phytopharmacy and at present medicinal plants occupy a key position in plant research and medicine
Summary
Knowledge on plant uses is the result of many years of man’s interaction and selection on the most desirable, the most vigorous and the most successful plant present in the immediate environment at a given time (Rindos, 1984). There is a global consensus on the benefits of phytopharmacy and at present medicinal plants occupy a key position in plant research and medicine. In many African countries, such as Ghana, Mali, Nigeria and Zambia, the first line of treatment for 60% of the Plants constitute an important source of active ingredients which differ widely in terms of structure and therapeutic properties. The continued investigation into the secondary plant metabolites for anti-infective properties has gained importance in recent years because of the alarming increase in resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to existing antibiotic. The emergence and spread of Salmonella resistance to many commonly used antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Ampicillin, Chloromphenicol, Amoxicilllin) is a subject of international concern
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