Abstract
Objective: The objective of the study was to carry out the phytochemical profiling of essential oils (EOs) and evaluation of their anti-microbial activity. Methods: The EOs extracted from Cumminum cyminum, Zingiber officinale, Trachyspermum ammi, Alipnia galanga, Cedrus deodara, and Elettaria cardamomum using clavenger apparatus. Phytochemical analysis and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting were carried out for the EO. The antibacterial and antifungal activity were evaluated using agar well-diffusion method against two bacterial strains, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and two fungal strains, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus brasiliensis. Positive controls ciprofloxacin-30 mg, azithromycin-15 mg, and nystatin NS-50 mg were used. Antioxidant potential of the EOs was investigated by TLC-bioautography method using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl derivatization. Results: The phytochemical analysis reveals presence of various phytochemical such as steroids, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids. The HPTLC fingerprint is found to be unique for each of the oil. The EO of Z. officinale and T. ammi showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The EOs of C. cyminum, Tachyspermum ommi and A. galanga displayed prominent antioxidant activity on TLC bioautography. The herbs Cuminum cynimun, T. ammi, C. deodara, and Ellateria cardamomum produce reasonable amount of essentials oil, which can be explored for useful their industrial applications. Conclusions: These EOs can be explored further for their antimicrobial activity. The HPTLC analysis along with derivatization with suitable chromogenic reagents can be a rapid and simple tool for quality control of various EOs.
Highlights
Essential oils (EOs) are the concentrated and complex liquid mixtures of volatile compounds originating from various plants
Z. officinale is used for the treatment of colds, nausea, arthritis, pain relief, migraines, abdominal disorders, and hypertension [20-22] and ginger EO is used for food preservation [20]
We have explored application of high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint and TLC derivatization as a supporting tool for analysis of EOs
Summary
Essential oils (EOs) are the concentrated and complex liquid mixtures of volatile compounds originating from various plants. Each EOs from the different plant possess characteristic and unique aromatic odor [1,2]. The herbs Cumminum cyminum, Zingiber officinale, Trachyspermum ammi, Alipnia galanga, Cedrus deodara, and Elettaria cardamomum are reported to contains EOs and used as common spice in foods. Z. officinale is used for the treatment of colds, nausea, arthritis, pain relief, migraines, abdominal disorders, and hypertension [20-22] and ginger EO is used for food preservation [20]. T. ammi is commonly known as ajwain or caraway and is widely used spice across the world It is traditionally used as antispasmodic, carminative, appetite stimulant and in treatment of diarrhea, gastrointestinal problem and bronchial ailments [23]. The aromatic pods of E. cardamomum are used for asthma, dental infections, cataracts, nausea, diarrhea, cardiac, digestive, and kidney disorders and used as a flavored spice in food [27-29]. Antibacterial activity was evaluated for the EOs on pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and pathogenic fungus Candida albicans and Aspergillus brasiliensis using agar well-diffusion method
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