Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anti‐Proliferative Effect of Senna hirsuta against PC‐3 Human Prostate Cancer Cells

Abstract

AbstractThe phytochemical profile, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity of Senna hirsuta (M−Sh) leaf extracts were investigated in human prostate cancer PC‐3 cell lines. Antioxidant bioactive components like phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids were measured at 15.36±0.19, 2.97±0.11, and 19.77±0.51, respectively. An intense dose‐dependent radical scavenging activity was observed for M−Sh with 83 % in 500 μg/mL for DPPH. M−Sh boosted ABTS radical inhibition from 35 % at 100 μg/ml to 70 % at 500 μg/ml, whereas hydroxyl radical scavenging was 96 % at 500 μg/ml, significantly greater than butylated hydroxytoluene (91.91 %). The maximum NO scavenging activity of M−Sh was 83 %, and the lipid peroxidation inhibition was 87 % at 500 μg/ml. The M−Sh exhibited antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli (25 mm), Bacillus subtilis (24 mm), and Staphylococcus aureus (21 mm). The MTT assay was used to study anti‐proliferative activity, which inhibited PC‐3 cell growth with an IC50 of 257.13 μg/mL over 24 hours. These results demonstrate that M−Sh inhibits PC‐3 cell proliferation by shedding from the surface and assuming a spherical shape. Additionally, the morphology of PC‐3 cells showed shrinkage, blebbing membrane condensation, and nuclear chromatin margination, indicating that M−Sh was cytotoxic to PC‐3 Cells.