QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND THE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF THE METHANOL EXTRACT FROM THE LEAVES OF Solanum americanum.

Abstract

This study estimated the quantity of some phyto- compounds as well as the antioxidants activities of the methanol leave extract of Solanum americanum [S.a]. The quantitative phytochemical analysis were carried out using gravimetric and spectroscopic method while the antioxidant activities were assayed using free radical scavenging activities of DPPH, Nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and ABTS. The quantitative analysis showed that the phenolic content of the leaves to have highest concentration at 62mg/100g alkaloids 60mg/100g, total flavonoids and tannins 48 and 45mg/100g respectively. The extract showed inhibitory potential against DPPH free radical, the inhibitory percentages vary from 33.68±0.74 to 80.83±1.10 at 100µg/ml for the methanol extract of the plant Solanum americanum to 48.19±0.73 to 84.59±0.91 at 100µg/ml for the standard [ascorbic acid]. The maximum NO scavenging activity of the plant extract to ascorbic acid are 77.89±0.69 to 89.19±0.35 at a concentration of 100µg/ml. The IC50 value are 47.79 for the inhibition of the plant extract while that of the standard is 27.80. ABTS assay free radical scavenging percent inhibition has an increased concentration from 25-100 μg/ml at 33.75±0.87- 71.92±0.15. H2O2 radicals scavenging activity inhibition percentage of methanol leaf extract of the plant Solanum americanum was from 53.82±0.37 to 76.89±0.32 at 25-100μg/ml as compared to the standard with inhibition percentage from 78.35±0.79 to 95.18±0.37. The quantitative analysis showed that the phenolic content has the highest concentration, hence has the most antioxidant activity also that the plant has strong free radical scavenging activities.