Abstract
The plant Abrus precatorius, which belong to Leguminosae (Fabaceae) family and known as Crab’s eyes, Rosary pea with characteristic red and black seeds. It was used in folk medicine in India, China and East Asian countries for treatment of various diseases.
 The plant was extracted by '' general method of extraction'' (Harborne, 1973) using 80% aqueous ethanol as a solvent of extraction by soxhlet apparatus. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening were performed on the crude ethanolic extract and revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids ,terpenoids and phytosterols in Iraqi Abrus precatorius plant. Three different fractions were obtained from crude extract which are fraction one (chloroform fraction), fraction two (ethyl acetate fraction), and fraction three (petroleum ether fraction) which are represent alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids respectively. The alkaloid abrine was isolated from the chloroform fraction in pure form by using preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) and then subjected to different physico-chemical and specteral analytical techniques to identify its chemical structure: melting point (M.P.), thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) , fourier transforms infrared spectra (FT-IR) and elemental microanalysis (CHNO).
 
 
Highlights
The Abrus precatorius Linn. of the Leguminosae family is woody twinning plant widely distributed in India [1]
The seeds and aerial parts were collected during October (2016) from Al- Mosul city which is located at the north of Iraq it dried at room temperature in the shade pulverized by mechanical mills and weighed
Since different plant parts contain different chemical classes of active constituents, alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids so the fractionation based on the conversion of basic compound to its salt by aqueous mineral acids, and when the salt of an alkaloid is treated with hydroxide ion, nitrogen gives up a hydrogen ion and the free amine is liberated which is taken or extracted by specific organic solvent like to get free alkaloids (F-1) leaving quaternary alkaloids and water soluble compounds in the aqueous layer (A-2)
Summary
The Abrus precatorius Linn. of the Leguminosae family is woody twinning plant widely distributed in India [1]. Of the Leguminosae family is woody twinning plant widely distributed in India [1]. It is distributed in the north of Iraq certainly in AlMousul city and it's authenticated at first time in Iraq. It's known as Jequirity bean, rosary pea, and Crab’s Eye. Abrus precatorius (figure 1) is a slender, twining vine with a woody base. Abrus precatorius (figure 1) is a slender, twining vine with a woody base It is supported generally on other plants or a fence. It is used traditionally to treat eye diseases, gastrointestinal aliments and as abortifacient. It is used traditionally to treat eye diseases, gastrointestinal aliments and as abortifacient. [4,5,6,7,8]
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