Abstract
BackgroundIn recent times, focus on plant research has improved all over the world and essential parts of plants provide bioactive compounds in human diet. The bael (Aegle marmelos) has enormous traditional uses in the treatment of chronic diarrhea, dysentery, peptic ulcers and as a laxative. The main focus of this study was characterization of bael leaf extract for its bioactive constituents, antihypercholestrolemic and antilipidemic perspectives.MethodsAfter proximate composition of bael powder, the aqueous extract of bael leaf was used for phytochemical profiling (alkaloids, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content). Afterwards, normal rats group G0 was administrated basal diet while G1 and G2 normal rat groups were fed diets containing bael leaf extract 125 mg and 250 mg, respectively for consecutive 60 days. In a similar way, hyperlipidemic rats group Gh0 was administrated basal diet while Gh1 and Gh2 hyperlipidemic rat groups were fed diets containing bael leaf extract 125 mg and 250 mg, respectively for consecutive 60 days. The blood drawn on day 0, day 30 and day 60 was analyzed for serum parameters, such as total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low–density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides concentration and free and ester cholesterol.ResultsBael leaf powder is a rich source of crude fiber (14.50 ± 0.10 g/100 g). Aqueous extract of bael leaf contains alkaloids (15.58 ± 0.05 mg/g), flavonoids (64.00 ± 0.05 mg/g), phenolics (30.34 ± 0.01 GAEmg/g). From the In vivo studies, the lowest weight gain was observed in group G2 and in Gh2 as compared to control of both groups. The decrease in serum TC for G1–15.06%, G2–17.27% while in Gh1–22.46% and Gh2–34.82% after day 60, respectively. The maximum decrease was observed in group G2 (− 14.33%) and in Gh2 (− 24.79%) for triglycerides after 60 days. For HDL-cholesterol, significant increase (11.20%) in G2 and (49.83%) in Gh2 was observed of after 60 days. A trend in decrease of serum LDL–cholesterol in G2 (− 9.63%) and in Gh2 (− 44.65%) was also observed at day 60, and − 19.05% and − 30.06% decrease was noted in G2 and Gh2, respectively and decreasing trend was observed in free and total cholesterol − 22.30% and − 81.49% for groups G2 and Gh2 after day 60.ConclusionsThe results of the present study demonstrated that the extract contents of bael leaf provide protective role against hypercholesterolemic and hyperlipidemic conditions.
Highlights
In recent times, focus on plant research has improved all over the world and essential parts of plants provide bioactive compounds in human diet
The quantitative phytochemical estimation showed that the leaf contained a significant amount of alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolics
It was evident that the treatment with the extract of bael leaf inhibited the significant elevation of total cholesterol as compared to that of dyslipidemic animals [38]. It is quite evident from this study that bael contains a number of phytoconstituents which reveals its uses for various therapeutic purposes against hyperlipidemia like metabolic syndrome
Summary
Focus on plant research has improved all over the world and essential parts of plants provide bioactive compounds in human diet. Focus on plant research has improved all over the world and increasing number of studies have demonstrated potential health benefits of medicinal plants used in numerous traditional systems. It has been shown that many parts of plants for example leaves, stems, roots, fruits, and seeds provide health and nutrition providing bioactive compounds in human diet [1]. Antibacterial, antiprotozoal and hypoglycemic properties where-as its cardiac effect has been investigated effectively as bael leaf extract in lower doses increases both heart rate and amplitude of contraction while in higher doses transiently inhibit the heart, followed by further stimulation [2]. Bael is known for its medicinal properties, especially, the leaves and fruits which has shown cardiac and circulatory stimulatory activities. It has been reported to possess anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, antifungal, cardioprotective, antiulcer, antihyperlipidemic effects, and are commonly used for the treatment of different ailment in the indigenous system of medicine in the Asian sub-continent [5]
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