Abstract
Phytochemicals with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties have tremendous potential in suppressing both plant and human diseases. Screening and identification of such compounds from diverse plant species is the first step towards realizing their medicinal and agricultural application. In agriculture, application of antimicrobial phytochemicals as part of an Integrated Disease Management strategy would reduce the detrimental residual effect of synthetic chemicals. In the present study, an invasive plant species, i.e., Lantana camara L. was screened for potential antimicrobial and antioxidant phytochemicals. Extracts of leaves (LE) and flowers (FE) from L. camara were tested for their polyphenol content (total phenol, total flavonoid, and total alkaloid) and antioxidant potential [total antioxidant activity, iron chelating activity and enzymatic activity (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase)]. Both extracts exhibited high antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities with relatively stronger antioxidant activity in the case of whole flower extracts. FTIR and GC-MS also carried out for chemical analysis of crude extracts. FTIR spectral study of LE and FE revealed the presence of different functional groups such as N-H, C-H, OH, C=O indicates the existence of various metabolites in the extracts. GC-MS study revealed the presence of 66 bioactive compounds, of which 19 components were predicted to have various functions like anti-inflammatory, antiandrogenic, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, etc. Furthermore, in vitro antifungal and antibacterial studies confirmed the antimicrobial effect of both LE and FE against phytopathogens like Magnaporthe oryzae, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Molecular study further revealed that phytochemicals (Loliolide, Eicosapentaenoic acid, Salicylic Acid Methyl Ester and Phytol) of Lantana camara could targets MAPK1, PDF and SUH like enzymes of phytopathogens, which could inhibit their growth. Therefore, L. camara extracts can be an important ingredient in the suppression of plant diseases.
Highlights
Plants are a major source of medicine with a variety of biological deliberations, including antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities
Such results indicate that these plant extracts may have fungicidal or fungistatic properties that can be used for controlling M. oryzae by seed treatment, the causal agent of rice blast
It has been proved that dimerization of phenols by peroxidase oxidative activity results in toxic product for the pathogen, which might be in the case of M. oryzae (Martinez et al, 2000)
Summary
Plants are a major source of medicine with a variety of biological deliberations, including antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Almost 25% of conventional drugs and primary health care of majority of world population relies essentially on plants (Ekor, 2014). Modern medicine mostly uses synthetic/semi-synthetic antibiotics for dealing with microbial diseases. Many microbes have developed resistance to antibiotics, resulted as therapeutic failure. The situation has led to increase the use of plant extract and their derived compounds (Hassine et al, 2014). (Kalita et al, 2012). These reports indicate that plants still represent an important pool for the discovery of novel drugs and therapeutic compounds
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