Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Insect Antifeeding Activity of Ardisia solanacea Roxb. Extracts

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the chemical composition and to evaluate biological activities of the ethyl acetate leaf and stem extract of A. solanacea Roxb. collected from Tarai region of Uttarakhand. Extracts were obtained from the plant using Soxhlet method in ethyl acetate. Qualitative analysis showed the abundance of alkaloids, carbohydrates, resins, diterpenes, triterpenes, fats and oils in both the extracts. While quantitative analysis by GC/MS resulted the dominance of aristolone (18.59 %), 3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid, silylat (8.36 %), α-amyrin (6.36 %) and α-amyrenone (5.14 %) in the leaf extract (ELEAS) whereas, 4,6,6-trimethyl-2-(3-methylbuta-1,3-dienyl)-3-oxatricyclo octane (16.19 %), 3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid silylat (10.55 %) and palmitic acid (6.99 %) in the stem extract (ESEAS). Among both the extracts, ELEAS showed higher phenolic, flavonoid and ortho-dihydric phenol content. Upon in vitro antioxidant activity assessment of both the extracts, ELEAS showed highest DPPH free radical scavenging potential (IC50 = 144.08±0.2 μg/mL), reducing power (RP50 = 176.29±0.52 μg/mL) and metal chelating effect (IC= 1.99±0.09 μg/mL) as evaluated against standard antioxidants. Statistical analysis reveals the negative correlation of total phenols with IC values of various antioxidant assays signifying the potentiality of the plant extracts to be potential antioxidant. ELEAS (IB = 3.3±0.21) showed a strong in vitro anti-inflammatory effect relative to the diclofenac sodium. The antifeedant activity of both the extracts was performed against Spilosoma obliqua and the results showed ELEAS to possessed highest % antifeeding with 98.50 % feeding inhibition.