Phytochemical analysis and bioactivity of different ethanolic extracts from cannabidiol full-spectrum oil

Abstract

Industrial hemp is an important economic crop. The extract of its leaves is well-known as cannabidiol full-spectrum oil (CFSO) and has great application potential. But the chemical composition of CFSO is still not clear, which limits its efficient application. Therefore, this work aimed to explore the phytochemical profile and composition-activity relationship of CFSO. The results showed that a total of 12 cannabinoids were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS and they were CBD-C1, CBGVA, CBGA, CBGV, CBDVA, CBG, CBDV, CBDA, CBD, CBD-C4, CBN, and CBT. CBD (559.3 mg/g) was the most abundant component, followed by CBDV (302.4 mg/g) and CBN (31.7 mg/g). Besides, the content of CBDV, CBD, and CBN of different polar extracts increased with the rise of ethanol concentration. The TPC and TFC of the extracts also increased with the rise of ethanol concentration. The extract of 90 % EtOH had the highest TPC (949.21 ± 2.37 mg GAE/g extract) and TFC (267.05 ± 1.21 mg RE/g extract) while the extract of 0 % EtOH displayed the lowest TPC (244.89 ± 2.13 mg GAE/g extract) and TFC (46.26 ± 0.85 mg RE/g extract). Furthermore, as ethanol concentration increased, the cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of the extracts had a significant increasing trend. And the correlation analysis demonstrated that the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the extracts were closely related with the phenolic compounds and flavonoids, especially cannabinoids. These findings could provide data support for the application of CFSO.