Abstract
Phytoalexins phenalenones (PNs) are phytochemicals biosynthesized inside the plant in responsive to exterior threat. PNs are excellent type-II photosensitizers, which efficiently produce singlet oxygen upon light irradiation. Based on the core functional structure of PNs, novel PN derivatives were synthesized here and their singlet oxygen generating abilities and their phototoxicity were evaluated. At the presence of light, these PNs have photoinduced toxicity towards Aedes albopictus larvae and nematode Meloidogyne incognita, while the activity lost in the dark. The obvious tissue damage was observed on the treated mosquito larvae and nematode due to the generation of singlet oxygen. Our results revealed the potential of phenalenones as photoactivated agents for mosquito and root-knot nematode management together with light.
Highlights
Phytoalexins are a kind of protecting phytochemicals biosynthesized inside plant in responsive to exterior threat, such as pathogen infections or mechanical injury[9]
PN derivatives have been developed as dental drugs for photodynamic inactivation of oral key bacteria[19]
A recent research by Dirk Hölscher et al revealed that some PN analogues are the main defensive phytoalexins in banana plants attacked by nematode[20]
Summary
Phytoalexins are a kind of protecting phytochemicals biosynthesized inside plant in responsive to exterior threat, such as pathogen infections or mechanical injury[9]. They are chemically diverse phytochemicals with varying activities upon the plant species. PNs are often found in plants infected or attacked by microorganisms and fungi for killing the invaders. These natural PNs or their modified structures exhibited antifungal[10,15], antiplasmodial[16] and antiprotozoal activity[17] and radical scavenging capacity[18]. We studied the ability of PNs to inactivate disease vector mosquito larvae and plant-parasitic nematodes through mechanism involving singlet oxygen production upon light stimuli
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