Phytic Acid Decreases Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Lesions Induced by Fumonisin B₁ and Deoxynivalenol in Intestinal Explants of Pigs.

Elisângela O Da Silva,Waldiceu A Verri,Ana Paula F R L Bracarense,Juliana R Gerez,Miriam S N Hohmann

doi:10.3390/toxins11010018

Elisângela O Da Silva, Waldiceu A Verri + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11010018

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Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of phytic acid (IP6) on morphological and immunohistochemical parameters and oxidative stress response in intestinal explants of pigs exposed to fumonisin B1 (FB1) and/or deoxynivalenol (DON). The jejunal explants were exposed to the following treatments: vehicle, IP6 5 mM, DON 10 µM, FB1 70 µM, DON 10 µM + FB1 70 µM, DON 10 µM + IP6 5 mM, FB1 70 µM + IP6 5 mM, and DON 10 µM + FB1 70 µM + IP6 5 mM. The decrease in villus height and goblet cell density was more evident in DON and DON + FB1 treatments. In addition, a significant increase in cell apoptosis and cell proliferation and a decrease in E-cadherin expression were observed in the same groups. DON and FB1 exposure increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression and decreased the cellular antioxidant capacity. An increase in lipid peroxidation was observed in DON- and FB1-treated groups. IP6 showed beneficial effects, such as a reduction in intestinal morphological changes, cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and an increase in E-cadherin expression when compared with DON, FB1 alone, or DON and FB1 in association. IP6 inhibited oxidative stress and increased the antioxidant capacity in the explants exposed to mycotoxins.

Highlights

Fumonisin B1 (FB1 ) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are the most frequently occurring mycotoxin contaminants in agricultural commodities worldwide, and represent a risk for human and animal health [1]
The jejunum exposed to DON presented a significant decrease of 9.4% in the histological score compared to fumonisin B1 (FB1) alone (p ≤ 0.05), and the treatment DON + FB1 showed a significant decrease of 23.3% compared to FB1 (p ≤ 0.05)
When explants were pre-treated with IP6, the histological scores exhibited a significant increase when compared with explants exposed to DON or FB1 alone, or DON and FB1 in association (Figure 1A)

Summary

Introduction

Fumonisin B1 (FB1 ) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are the most frequently occurring mycotoxin contaminants in agricultural commodities worldwide, and represent a risk for human and animal health [1]. The intracellular action of these mycotoxins has been elucidated, and the induction of oxidative stress and generation of radical oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in their toxic effects, as observed in vivo [4,5] and in vitro [6,7]. Other toxic effects, such as altered intestinal morphology (expression of cell junction proteins, cell proliferation and apoptosis, production of mucin) and inflammatory response (deregulation of anti and pro-inflammatory cytokines and overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), have been reported [8,9,10,11,12]. The association between intestinal lesions and oxidative stress induced by FB1 and DON has not been elucidated

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