Physiology of yield determination of mung bean ( Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) under various irrigation regimes in the dry and intermediate zones of Sri Lanka

Abstract

Drought is a major factor limiting yield improvement of mung bean ( Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) in the sub-humid, dry and intermediate zones of Sri Lanka. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the yield response of mung bean to irrigation at various phenological stages in terms of radiation interception, radiation-use efficiency and harvest index. Four field experiments were carried out at two sites (Maha-Illuppallama and Kundasale) during the short, dry yala season over two years (1995 and 1996). The life cycle of mung bean was divided into three stages: vegetative (from germination to appearance of first flower); flowering (from appearance of first flower to 75% pod initiation); and pod-filling (from 75% pod initiation to maturity). Eight irrigation treatments were defined as all possible combinations of irrigation during the three stages. Maximum potential soil water deficits (PSWD) ranging from 127 to 376 mm developed as a result of keeping different combinations of stages unirrigated. Maximum LAI ( L m) and the fraction of incoming radiation intercepted ( F) increased significantly with the number of stages irrigated. Specifically, treatments which included irrigation during the vegetative stage achieved large L m and F. Radiation-use efficiency (RUE), maximum total biomass ( W m), harvest index (HI) and seed yield ( Y) also showed a significant positive response to the number of stages irrigated. However, all the above parameters were significantly greater in treatments which included irrigation during the pod-filling and flowering stages. The treatment which received irrigation only during the vegetative stage had significantly lower RUE, W m, HI and Y despite having higher L m and F. Therefore, irrigation is critical during pod-filling and flowering stages mainly because of the higher LAI during these periods and, consequently, the greater demand for water. Lack of irrigation during these critical stages resulted in the development of significant PSWD with adverse effects on photosynthesis and consequently decreased RUE. Moreover, water stress during flowering and pod-filling stages significantly reduced pod initiation and pod growth rates and thereby reduced HI. It is concluded that to maximize mung bean yields in the dry season of the sub-humid zones of Sri Lanka, irrigation should extend across all phenological stages, specially the pod-filling stage.