Abstract
The different mammalian species show a wide diversity in methods of breeding. Some of them limit their reproductive activity to certain period of the year while some breed throughout the year. This is to avoid the unfavorable environmental conditions including the non-availability of feed, water, housing etc. However, the difference in breeding strategies lies in the central regulatory system the supra chiasmatic nucleus. It controls the circadian rhythm and the nocturnal drive of melatonin. There by the GnRH/LH are under the negative feedback influence of the oestrogen. Change in daylight period is the primary factors those onsets the breeding season. In addition to it, change in oestrogen concentration, neuropeptides, Kisspeptin, GnIH, Thyroid glands and many other environmental factors like availability of food, water, housing, space and climate also influence the onset of breeding.
Highlights
Animals inhabiting regions in the temperature zone limit their reproductive activity to specific period of time in a year to maximize the survival of their offsprings [1]
The pineal gland plays a major role as a functional neuroendocrine transducer of the environmental or seasonal change in day light or photoperiod through the activity of N-acetyl transferease (NAT)
It controls through neuroendocrine mechanism involving the hypothalamus, pituitary and pineal gland
Summary
Animals inhabiting regions in the temperature zone limit their reproductive activity to specific period of time in a year to maximize the survival of their offsprings [1]. Non breeding season is characterized by an increase in negative feedback effect of estrogen on GnRH and gonadotrophin secretion as is the case in pre-pubertal period [4]. This results in reduced frequency of GnRH pulses, suppressing the gonadotrophin drive to the gonads thereby causing the gonadal regression [3,5]. The pineal gland plays a major role as a functional neuroendocrine transducer of the environmental or seasonal change in day light or photoperiod through the activity of N-acetyl transferease (NAT). Melatonin reaching the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus inhibits the frequency and magnitude of the pulsatile secretion of hypothalamic and gonadotrophic hormones thereby inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones essential for initiation of reproductive
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
