Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle is associated with overweight/obesity, which involves excessive fat body accumulation, triggering structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems. Research shows that this fat accumulation is responsible for several comorbidities, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and metabolic dysfunctions, as well as pathological pain behaviors. These health concerns are related to the crosstalk between adipose tissue and body systems, leading to pathophysiological changes to the latter. To deal with these health issues, it has been suggested that physical exercise may reverse part of these obesity-related pathologies by modulating the cross talk between the adipose tissue and body systems. In this context, this review was carried out to provide knowledge about (i) the structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems from accumulation of fat in obesity, emphasizing the crosstalk between fat and body tissues; (ii) the crosstalk between fat and body tissues triggering pain; and (iii) the effects of physical exercise on body tissues and organs in obese and non-obese subjects, and their impact on pathological pain. This information may help one to better understand this crosstalk and the factors involved, and it could be useful in designing more specific training interventions (according to the nature of the comorbidity).
Highlights
A sedentary lifestyle may trigger obesity, since the lack of physical activity or inactivity could lead to weight gain, and a sedentary lifestyle is highly associated with abdominal and visceral fat excess [1,2,3,4,5,6]
A sedentary lifestyle leads to the development of overweight/obesity, which involve excessive fat body accumulation
The literature review provided evidence that in overweight/obese subjects, the following is present: adipose tissue and other body tissue crosstalk mediated by diffusible factors with local or generalized effects, occurring mainly on skeletal muscle, cardiovascular system, liver, pancreas, and visceral, abdominal, and subcutaneous adipose tissues
Summary
A sedentary lifestyle may trigger obesity, since the lack of physical activity or inactivity could lead to weight gain, and a sedentary lifestyle is highly associated with abdominal and visceral fat excess [1,2,3,4,5,6]. In the EU, the health expenditure associated with overweight and obesity in the period 2020–2050 will be approximately 5% [11] These available data indicate that between 20 and 40% of industrialized western populations would be obese, and the related medical costs may represent between 5 and 8% of health budgets. Obesity is a health concern characterized by excessive body fat accumulation and by a set of comorbidities, which may be associated with structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems. At the end of this section, we review the deposit of body adipose tissue, and how this deposit of fat confers to an increased risk of metabolic diseases in obese subjects, such as metabolic syndrome, metabolically healthy obesity, and metabolically unhealthy obesity, indicating, for each of them, the characteristics of their adipose tissue
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
