Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are submicron vesicles released by diverse cell types upon activation or apoptosis. The mechanisms of EV uptake have been described extensively in the past few years. EVs can interact with neighboring cells, causing structural and functional changes in tissues like the vascular wall, affecting the endothelium and myeloid cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. Furthermore, they are considered important biomarkers for several inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. The lymphatic system works in close collaboration with the cardiovascular system to preserve fluid balance throughout the body and is essential for the trafficking of antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes to lymphoid organs. Recent findings have associated lymphatic dysfunction to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, inflammation and obesity. Given the implication of these two players in cardiovascular disease, we sought to quantitatively and qualitatively investigate the possible direct role of the lymphatic vessels in the transport and/or production of EVs.
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