Physiological changes after fluid bolus therapy in cardiac surgery patients: A propensity score matched case–control study

Abstract

ObjectiveFluid bolus therapy (FBT) is ubiquitous in intensive care units (ICUs) after cardiac surgery. However, its physiological effects remain unclear. Design: We performed an electronic health record–based quasi-experimental ICU study after cardiac surgery. We applied propensity score matching and compared the physiological changes after FBT episodes to matched control episodes where despite equivalent physiology no fluid bolus was given. SettingThe study was conducted in a multidisciplinary ICU of a tertiary-level academic hospital. ParticipantsThe study included 2,736 patients who underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and/or heart valve surgery. Main Outcome MeasuresChanges in cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during the 60 minutes following FBT. ResultsWe analysed 3572 matched fluid bolus (FB) episodes. After FBT, but not in control episodes, CO increased within 10 min, with a maximum increase of 0.2 l/min (95%CI 0.1 to 0.2) or 4% above baseline at 40 min (p < 0.0001 vs. controls). CO increased by > 10% from baseline in 60.6% of FBT and 49.1% of control episodes (p < 0.0001). MAP increased by > 10% in 51.7% of FB episodes compared to 53.4% of controls. Finally, FBT was not associated with changes in acid-base status or oxygen delivery. ConclusionIn this quasi-experimental comparative ICU study in cardiac surgery patients, FBT was associated with statistically significant but numerically small increases in CO. Nearly half of FBT failed to induce a positive CO or MAP response.