Abstract
Seed vigour, viability, the contents of soluble carbohydrates, total protein, albumins, and globulins, as well as seed coat structure, were analysed in yellow lupin (<em>Lupinus luteus</em> L.) cv. Iryd seeds stored for 20 years at -14<sup>o</sup>C, 0<sup>o</sup>C or at room temperature (approx. +20<sup>o</sup>C). Seed storage at room temperature reduced viability (to 2%) and increased seed leachate electroconductivity. Determinations of total proteins showed that protein content was significantly reduced in seeds stored at +20<sup>o</sup>C compared to the other storage regimens. Raffinose family oligosaccharides were the main soluble carbohydrates in seeds stored at 0<sup>o</sup>C and -14<sup>o</sup>C, whereas sucrose dominated in seeds stored at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of seed surface and seed coat sections revealed appearance of an amorphic layer on the surface of seeds stored at room temperature (not observed in other seeds) and distinct shrinking of macrosclereid layer in seeds stored at -14<sup>o</sup>C. Macrosclereids layer in all seeds was 100 um thick and accounted for 60% of seed coat thickness. The obtained results suggest that for long term storage of lupin seeds at 0<sup>o</sup>C is the most advisable temperature if both costs of storage and seed storability are considered.
Highlights
During prolonged storage seeds undergo ageing, lose their biological potential and economic value, and eventually die
Seeds stored at both -14°C and 0°C germinated at similar rate 99 and 96%, respectively (Table 1), whereas in seeds stored at room temperature percentage germination dropped severely to 2%
Seeds stored at -14°C and 0°C gave seed leachate electroconductivity nearly twice lower than seeds stored under room temperature
Summary
During prolonged storage seeds undergo ageing, lose their biological potential (vigour, viability) and economic value, and eventually die. Considering seed longevity and storage physiology, seeds can be divided into three groups: 1) orthodox; 2) recalcitrant; 3) intermediate (Roberts 1973). Even in seeds of high longevity, degenerative processes do occur during long storage, and they include lipid oxidation, membrane and DNA impairments, degradation of proteins and decrease of enzyme activities (Murthy et al 2003). Those dissimilative enzymes, the activity of which is not strongly reduced by seed ageing may contribute, together with non-enzymatic reactions, to uncontrolled breakdown of organic compounds in ageing seeds (Bewley and Black 1994). The objective of this work was to determine the effects of prolonged seed storage (for 20 years) at different temperatures on seed vigour, viability, chemical composition and seed coat microstructure
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