Abstract

The content of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in pea seeds constrains their usage in feeding humans and animals. In our research, the content of soluble carbohydrates—particularly α-d-galactosides of sucrose (RFOs)—was analyzed. The materials were as follows: 248 accessions from the Polish Pisum Genebank including representatives of taxa (from species to convarietas), type lines for genes controlling seed characters, and breeding materials and cultivars. Accessions were divided into homogeneous groups considering content of total soluble carbohydrates, total RFOs and individual RFOs: raffinose, stachyose and verbascose. The highest content of total soluble carbohydrates and total RFOs were stated for accessions with wrinkled seeds (r and rb genes) and the lowest content for seeds of the wild species P. fulvum Sibth. et Sm. Accessions valuable for breeding (for further decreasing of anti-nutritional compounds) were found among domesticated taxa (P. sativum subsp. sativum convar. vulgare Alef. and speciosum (Dierb.) Alef.), breeding lines, and some wild taxa. Accessions with decreased content of a total RFOs and verbascose are particularly valuable. It was found that the content of total RFOs was the most highly, frequently, and positively correlated with a stachyose and verbascose content. However, in P. fulvum seeds with the lowest content of RFOs and verbascose, a high correlation between the content of total RFOs and stachyose was revealed. Contents of all oligosaccharides were substantially lower in lines with dominant alleles of main pea seed genes (R, A, and I). It can be assumed that wild, primitive peas were characterized by not-all-to-high (rather not high) content of oligosaccharides; then recessive mutations in mentioned genes resulted in an increased content of RFOs. It seems to be an interesting observation from an evolutionary point of view.

Highlights

  • Based on own studies Makasheva (1983) suggested that the genus Pisum L. consisted of the following species: P. formosum (Stev.) Alef., P. fulvum Sibth. et Sm., P. syriacum (Berger) Lehm. and P. sativum L. sensu amplissimo Gov. with the following subspecies: subsp. transcaucasicum Gov., subsp. elatius Schmalh, subsp. asiaticum Gov., subsp. abyssinicum Gov. and subsp. sativum Gov

  • The aim of our study was to analyze the content of total soluble carbohydrates, raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in particular, in accessions of Polish Pisum Genebank and advanced breeding materials

  • The increasing accumulation of soluble carbohydrate, including sucrose and RFOs in such mutants, is not surprisingly in regard to the fact that biosynthesis of RFOs occurs in the later stages of the seed development

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Summary

Introduction

The pea (Pisum sativum L. sens. lat. Gov.) is the model plant in genetics (Swiecicki et al 2000). The taxonomic system for a very rich natural variation was elaborated (Lehmann 1954). It covers following species: P. formosum (Stev.) Boiss. Gov. with subspecies asiaticum Gov., trascaucasicum Gov. and sativum (Clav.) Gov. Based on own studies Makasheva (1983) suggested that the genus Pisum L. consisted of the following species: P. formosum (Stev.) Alef., P. fulvum Sibth. P. sativum L. sensu amplissimo Gov. with the following subspecies: subsp. Sativum Gov. Following a progressive research on the pea genetics, there is an elaboration on characteristics of genes controlling a lot of plant characters— their expression and chromosome localization. A number of characters dividing the Pisum genus into lower taxa (from species to varietas) appeared to be controlled by single genes. Qualitative characters are presented rather rarely (Kamel et al 2015)

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