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Abstract
In present investigation we studied the influence of terminal heat stress on several agronomic, physiological and yield-related variables in 10 mustard genotypes; Advance-414, Anmol, Bond, Coral-432, JKMS 8532, MRR-8030, NMS-2018, Rajshree, RH-30 and Sonalika. The experiment conducted under control condition (Sown in October) and heat stressed environment (Sown in November) to assess the role of ambient and high temperatures, respectively. Different characteristics including relative water content (RWC), water saturation deficit (WSD), relative dry weight (RDW), membrane stability index (MSI), days to flowering, plant height and yield attributes were analysed in respect to heat stress. The results demonstrated strong relationship between genotype and treatment in responses to heat stress. In terms of RWC, RH-30 maintained high value in both normal (95.17 ± 0.991%) and late sown (72.78 ± 1.022%) circumstances, but Coral-432 showed sensitivity to stress conditions with reduction in relative water content ranging from 80.91±0.085% in control environment to 51.30±0.988% in late sown condition. Heat stress significantly raised water saturation deficit in all genotypes, with RH-30 retaining lower WSD (4.83 ± 0.083%; control and 27.22±0.595% heat stress) than Coral-432 (19.08 ± 0.467% control and 48.70 ± 0.179% heat stress) whereas membrane stability index ranged from 5.03 ± 0.033% to18.03 ± 0.176%. Yield attributes such as seed yield per plant, test weight drastically reduced under heat stress whereas, genotype RH-30 showed resistance to stress and highest in seed yield (14.22 ± 0.215 g) and 1000-seed weight (test weight; 4.35 ± 0.066 g) under stress. Plant height and number of branches also showed similar reduction in respect to heat stress. Overall, genotypes RH-30 and Rajshree found superior to stress tolerance in all tested parameters and further used in the breeding programme to develop the heat resilience cultivar in mustard.
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