Physiological and Medico-Social Research Trends of the Wave P300 and More Late Components of Visual Event-Related Potentials.

Sergey Lytaev,Irina Vatamaniuk

doi:10.3390/brainsci11010125

Abstract

To extend the application of the late waves of the event-related potentials (ERPs) to multiple modalities, devices and software the underlying physiological mechanisms and responses of the brain for a particular sensory system and mental function must be carefully examined. The objective of this study was aimed to study the sensory processes of the “human-computer interaction” model when classifying visual images with an incomplete set of signs based on the analysis of early, middle, late and slow ERPs components. 26 healthy subjects (men) aged 20–26 years were investigated. ERPs in 19 monopolar sites according to the 10/20 system were recorded. Discriminant and factor analyzes (BMDP Statistical Software) were applied. The component N450 is the most specialized indicator of the perception of unrecognizable (oddball) visual images. The amplitude of the ultra-late components N750 and N900 is also higher under conditions of presentation of the oddball image, regardless of the location of the registration points. In brain pathology along with the pronounced asymmetry of the wave distribution, reduction of the N150 wave and lengthening of its peak latency, a line of regularities were noted. These include–a pronounced reduction in peak latency P250 and N350, an increased amplitude of N350 in the frontal and central points of registration, a decrease in the amplitude of N450 in the left frontal cortex and its increase in the occipital registration points, activation of the occipital cortex at a time interval of 400–500 ms, as well as fusion later waves. We called such phenomena of the development of cognitive ERP in brain pathology “the incongruence of ERP components”. The results of the research are discussed in the light of the paradigm of the P300 wave application in brain-computer interface systems, as well as with the peculiarities in brain pathology.

Highlights

There is no doubt that the mechanisms of image recognition are of particular interest, since they characterize the final stage of perception, but are an integral component or the initial stage of more complex mental functions–the level of wakefulness, attention, speech, thinking, emotions, motivation, as well as those based on their mental properties and states
The objective of this study was aimed to study the sensory processes of the “humancomputer interaction” model when classifying visual images with an incomplete set of signs based on the analysis of early, middle, late and slow components of event-related potentials for healthy persons and brain pathology
The N350 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) has large amplitude in the case of correct image recognition, which is regarded as the completion of the processes of invariant signal estimation at this stage

Summary

Introduction

There is no doubt that the mechanisms of image recognition are of particular interest, since they characterize the final stage of perception, but are an integral component or the initial stage of more complex mental functions–the level of wakefulness, attention, speech, thinking, emotions, motivation, as well as those based on their mental properties and states. For more than half a century, the parameters of the late positive oscillation of the brain evoked potentials, which has a latency period of about 300 ms and is called P300 , have been used to assess the listed mental functions. The study of this component has evolved from a phenomenological description of its changes under various perceptual loads to the study of functional dependencies between physiological and mental content [1,2,3,4]. It was registered during orientation, involuntary changes to the environment and processing of new information [5,6,7]

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