Abstract
Aim:Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of isoflurane anesthesia on physiological parameters, assessment of anesthetic qualities, and economy of use of isoflurane in domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus).Materials and Methods:In this study, 18 apparently healthy adult domestic chickens were selected randomly and divided into three groups. The birds were anesthetized by masked induction with isoflurane at a dose rate of 3.5%, 4%, and 5% and were maintained with 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% isoflurane with oxygen by endotracheal intubation in Groups I, II, and III, respectively. Physiological parameters, viz., cloacal temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate were recorded at 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min. The quality of anesthesia was assessed on the basis of induction time, induction behavior, quality of sedation, production of analgesia, degree of muscle relaxation, palpebral reflex, recovery time, and recovery behavior. The economy of anesthesia was calculated in terms of quantity of isoflurane utilized during 60 min of study. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance, Duncan’s multiple range tests.Results:There was significant decrease (p<0.01) in physiological parameters such as in cloacal temperature, heart rate and respiration rate in the birds of all the groups from 0 to 60 min. The induction time was 5.83±0.33, 2.37±0.18, and 0.87±0.15 min, respectively, in Groups I, II, and III. Induction behavior was smooth in Group III, whereas mildly stormy in Group II and I. Quality of sedation was excellent in Group III, better in Group II as compared to Group I. Analgesia was moderate in Group III whereas poor in Group II and I. Degree of muscle relaxation was excellent in Group III, whereas good in Group I and II. Palpebral reflexes were absent in all the groups. Recovery time was 15.33±0.84, 18.83±0.94, and 26.50±0.85 in Groups I, II, and III respectively. Recovery behavior was smooth in birds of all the groups. The cost of the anesthesia was 158.22±1.04, 194.27±0.66, and 236.84±0.60 Indian National Rupee in Groups I, II, and III, respectively. Quantity of anesthesia utilized in each group was 7.62±0.05, 9.35±0.03, and 11.41±0.03 ml in Groups I, II, and III, respectively.Conclusion:The use of isoflurane at different concentration produces different level of physiological changes, quality of anesthesia and economy without causing any deleterious effect on the birds. The physiological parameters observed in this study can serve as reference values for the wild and endangered birds.
Highlights
In avian, inhalational anesthetic is frequently used for physical examination, diagnostic procedures, surgical intervention, restrain, and research purposes [1]
The economy of anesthesia was calculated in terms of quantity of isoflurane utilized during 60 min of study and calculated on Indian National Rupee (INR)
Anesthetic plane assessment on the basis of outward signs are difficult [11], the depth of anesthesia can be evaluated by combining the information obtained from heart rate, respiration rate and reflexes [12,13,14,15]
Summary
Inhalational anesthetic is frequently used for physical examination, diagnostic procedures, surgical intervention, restrain, and research purposes [1]. The uses of anesthetics in birds have indicated that the tolerance of birds to most anesthetics between the surgical plane of anesthesia and death is relatively narrow [2]. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated
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