Abstract
Background and Aim:Literature comparing the use of isoflurane and sevoflurane inhalation anesthetic agents in birds is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the comparison of isoflurane and sevoflurane during induction, maintenance, and recovery of anesthesia in avian patients.Materials and Methods:In this study, 24 injured avian patients (n=24) were selected randomly and divided into four groups during kite flying festival. In the present study, isoflurane and sevoflurane were used as induction and maintenance anesthetic agents, with and without butorphanol tartrate premedication agent in all the birds. Different physiological parameters were evaluated, namely, cloacal temperature (°F), heart rate (beats/min), respiratory rate (breaths/min), and SpO2 (%) were recorded at 0, 10, 20 min, and at recovery time. The quality of anesthesia was assessed on the basis of induction time, quality of induction, production of analgesia, muscle relaxation, body reflexes, recovery time, quality of recovery, sitting, standing, and complete recovery time (CRT).Results:The mean±standard error value of induction time was 230.00±32.55, 280.00±25.29, 180.00±21.90, and 260.00±36.87 s, respectively, in Groups I, II, III, and IV. The feather plucking, pharyngeal, and toe pinching reflexes were noticed, when the birds were passing through the light plane of anesthesia during induction. Comparison of cloacal temperature at the time of recovery between Group-I versus Group-III revealed a significant difference (p<0.05). Comparison of mean respiratory rates at the time of recovery between Group-II versus Group-IV revealed a significant difference (p<0.05). Excellent quality of recovery was observed in all the groups of anesthetic protocols. Sitting, standing, and CRT were observed shortest in avian patients maintained with sevoflurane as compared to isoflurane.Conclusion:The quality of induction of anesthesia was rapid in avian patients when induced with sevoflurane as compared to isoflurane. Rapid onset of induction and recovery of anesthesia were found with sevoflurane followed by isoflurane. Induction and maintenance of anesthesia in avian patients with sevoflurane resulted in the lowest time required for sitting, standing, and CRT.
Highlights
Avian is probably the most recognized of all animal species
Sitting, standing, and complete recovery time (CRT) were observed shortest in avian patients maintained with sevoflurane as compared to isoflurane
The quality of induction of anesthesia was rapid in avian patients when induced with sevoflurane as compared to isoflurane
Summary
Avian is probably the most recognized of all animal species. There are many obvious differences in size, ranging from the hummingbird to the ostrich in the varying forms of the bill and in the color and profusion of the plumage occurring in the different species of birds [1]. Anesthesia is an important and challenging aspect of avian medicine and surgery. Birds have unique anatomical and physiological features that have an important impact on anesthesia [2]. The gaseous anesthetic agents used in modern practice include the fluorinated ethers isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane. These modern agents have greatly improved the safety, rehabilitation, and applicability of general anesthesia [3]. This study aimed to evaluate the comparison of isoflurane and sevoflurane during induction, maintenance, and recovery of anesthesia in avian patients
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