Physiochemical and Functional Properties of (Balanites Aeqyptiaca. Del) Hydrolysates by Pepsin and Pancreatin Proteases

Abstract

Enzymatic hydrolysates from underutilized desert date could produce functional ingredient for desert region and population of the world. The current study investigated the physiochemical and functional properties of hydrolysates from Balanites aeqyptiaca using pancreatin, pepsin and combined pancreatin and pepsin enzymes. The hydrolysate obtained through the addition of the enzyme pancreatin, and pepsin combined gave (45.1%) yield. On the other hand, pancreatin hydrolysate gave maximum (45.9%) yield and pepsin hydrolysate was (37.4%) .The combined hydrolysate has maximum protein (80.58%),ash content (0.85%) mineral profile; Ca(0.12mg.100g),K(1.29mg/100g), Na(2.01mg/100g),Mg (1.09mg/100g),Fe( 0.23mg/100g), Cu (0.09mg/100g) , Zn( 0.26mg/100g) and excellent anti-nutrient alkaloid , oxalate ,phytate and saponin and total phenolic content of (0.084mgCat/g). Functional properties such as bulk density (1.02g/m) swelling index (3.45g/m) least gelation capacity (20.39%) of pancreatin hydrolysate and WAC (1.72g/g) and OAC (1.73g/g) from pepsin hydrolysate produced the best result than the combine hydrolysate. The maximum solubility (12%) at pH 9 was observed for all samples. The hydrolysate by combined enzymes had a high IVPD compared with pancreatin and pepsin hydrolysates. However, both showed a good general foaming and emulsifying properties. Foaming capacity of the pepsin hydrolysate samples increased with concentration at pH3 and pH7 while the foaming stability at pH7 and pH9 of combined hydrolysate was at 20 mg/ml and 40 mg/ml high comparable with pepsin and pancreatin, respectively. The emulsifying activity of combined hydrolysate was high at 10mg/ml and 50mg/ml at alkaline region. On the other hand, pepsin hydrolysate reveals excellent emulsifying activity (EAI) of 200 mg/m index (EAI) at pH 5. The hydrolysate obtained from pepsin decreased in emulsifying stability as concentration increased and pH shift to alkaline region. The hydrolysate by pepsin and pancreatin had better WHC, OHC and foaming properties due to their solubility however lower than the combined hydrolysate. The result indicates potential utilization of hydrolysate from Balanites aaqyptiaca. del for less protein rich cereal food formulations.