Physicochemical quality of araçaúna and grumixama at different ripening stages

Bruna Lara Alvarenga Barros,Andreia Lopes De Morais,Stanley Bravo Buffon,Sarah Ola Moreira,Moises Zucoloto,Tiago De Oliveira Godinho

doi:10.1590/0100-29452020655

Abstract

Abstract The physicochemical characteristics of fruits of species native to the Atlantic Forest are little known, especially during ripening. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the interaction between ripening period and post-harvest storage of araçaúna and grumixama. Fruits were harvested at three ripening stages: green, partially ripe and ripe, according to the epicarp color, and separated into two groups, being stored for 2 and 48 hours. The following variables were evaluated: longitudinal (LD) and cross-sectional (CD) diameter, LD / CD ratio, fresh fruit mass (FM), pulp yield (PY), pH, soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS / TA ratio, and ascorbic acid content (AA). Araçaúna fruits stand out due to their high PY (74.43%), with low SS (2.07 ºBrix) and high TA (1.17% citric acid). However, harvesting fully ripe fruits increases SS by 21% and reduces TA by 32.5%. Grumixama fruits are slightly sweet (6.06 ºBrix), with low acidity (0.39% citric acid), high vitamin C content (206.94 mg of ascorbic acid/100g of pulp), and harvest must be performed when fruits are fully ripe. Both species have pulp of potential quality to be commercially exploited, especially for processing.

Highlights

Material and methodsThe Atlantic Forest has high diversity of fruit species that are still consumed on a small scale due to the lack of knowledge by the general population
Araçaúna is a tree with height varying between 3 and 20 meters, has simple and leathery leaves, white flowers and purple and piriform or rounded fruits when ripe. native to theAtlantic Forest, occurring from restinga to mountain areas, araçaúna is distributed in the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes (LORENZI et al, 2015; TULER et al, 2017)
The proportion of fruits at E2 and E3 at the time of collection was not evaluated, which could be used to define harvest strategies. Both for araçaúna and grumixama, there were fruits at E2 and E3 in the same branch, allowing harvesting on the same day, showing the uneven maturation of fruits for these species, which was observed by Borges et al (2010). This indicates the need for studies on the management of cultural treatments of these species, especially pruning, which can improve fruit maturation uniformity, favoring harvest and reducing production costs

Summary

Introduction

Material and methodsThe Atlantic Forest has high diversity of fruit species that are still consumed on a small scale due to the lack of knowledge by the general population. In view of the above, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of ripening stages and post-harvest storage on the physicochemical and morphological characteristics of araçaúna and grumixama. Berg) For araçaúna, there was interaction between ripening stages and post-harvest evaluation times for LD, CD, FM and SS / TA.

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Conclusion