Abstract
Effluent and its receiving sediment samples were collected on seasonal basis, comprising of three months (August to October, 2014) in the wet season and three months (December 2014 to February 2015) in the dry season. Five sampling points around the lubricating oil company were marked for the study. Physicochemical parameters of the effluent samples such as pH, temperature, conductivity, total dissolve solids were determined in situ. Dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand were determined by Winkler´s method. Digestion of the sediments was carried out by acid dissolution. The heavy metals (Mn, Ni, Co, Cd and Pb) level was determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results revealed that the physicochemical parameters ranged between (27.40 to 29.860C) for temperature, pH (6.89 to 7.88), electrical conductivity (92.27 to 292.84µs/cm), total dissolve solids, dissolved oxygen (2.58 to 7.01mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (5.00 to 14.00mg/L) for the sampling periods. The overall total metal was in similar order: Mn > Ni > Co > Cd > Pb for both seasons. Most of the results were within the recommended limit required except for the levels of biochemical oxygen demand which exceeded the recommended value of 10mg/L in dry season by WHO, (2006). Statistically, no significant difference at p ≤ 0.05 between the parameters obtained in both seasons. The study concluded that the effluents discharged from the lubricating oil company in osogbo was polluted based on the results of biochemical oxygen demand and the Cd concentrations in the sediment samples.
Highlights
Petrochemical plants generate solid waste and sludge composed of organic, inorganic compounds including heavy metals [1]
The results of physicochemical parameters of the effluent samples collected in wet and dry season around the lubricating oil company are presented in Table 2 and 3
Based on contamination classification kumar and edward [7], all metals shows I-geo values that is less than zero in all the sampling points except Cd. It implies that all samples were practically uncontaminated with Mn, Ni, Co and Pb which suggests that Mn, Ni, Co and Pb input in these sediments is associated with the parent material that formed the soil or other natural or small anthropogenic non -point sources
Summary
Petrochemical plants generate solid waste and sludge composed of organic, inorganic compounds including heavy metals [1]. According to Lenntech heavy metals are chemical elements of relatively high densities [2]. Heavy metals are released into the environment: water, soil and air through activities like agriculture, power generation, industrial discharges, seepage of municipal landfills, septic tank effluents. Many authors have reported high levels of heavy metal ions in the soil, rivers and groundwater in different areas of Nigeria [3]. To save the environment from further deterioration and maintain sound public health, many methods have been developed as reported by th e use of organic material such as solid waste, agricultural waste and industrial waste [4]. This study is aimed to carrying out physicochemical analysis of effluents and its metal pollution on the soi l upon discharged from a lubricating oil company in Osogbo with a view to revealing the pollution status of the studied area
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