Physicochemical Evaluation of the Potency and Viability of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers

Abstract

Background: Frequent hand washing with soap and antiseptics is vital to prevent the spread of infectious agents, but can also result in chronic skin dermatitis. This could change the skin's normal flora, leading to infectious pathogens colonization. Thus, the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers, which may be less irritating to the skin, and improve hygiene. Objective: The study aimed to produce alcohol-based hand sanitizers following WHO guidelines, and quantify the effects of temperature on their potency and concentrations after exposure to different environmental conditions. Method: The WHO guidelines for the production of hand sanitizer formulation were carefully followed; Ethanol (96%) was diluted to 70%, Carbomer and valina with banana flavor were used as thickening and fragrance agent receptivity. Twenty (20) products (250 mL each) selected at random were grouped into four categories – 10 bottles were subjected to Room Temperature (at 25-28°C); 5 samples with lids (unexposed) and 5 without lids (exposed), respectively while the other 10 samples were stored in the car (at 28 - 38°C); 5 samples with lids (unexposed), and 5 samples without lids (exposed), respectively. The alcohol concentration was quantified respectively with the aid of the alcohol meter daily, up to a period of 30 days (one month), and was properly recorded. Results There were significant statistical differences in the exposed hand sanitizer preparations compared to the standard at p-value ≤ 0.05. Reduction of ethanol concentration was observed from 70 - 53% of the exposed preparation. Also, for the ones exposed and unexposed in the car, the ethanol concentration dropped from 70 - 68% of the well-corked product while there was an alcohol content reduction from 70 - 41% of the exposed product in the car. Conclusion: Temperature conditions directly affect the concentration, potency, and efficacy of hand sanitizer preparations.