Abstract
Abstract Using a sedimentation method, the extracted starch from Dioscorea hispida tuber was characterized for their morphological, thermal and other physicochemical properties such as total starch content, moisture content, pH, water binding capacity (WBC), solubility and swelling power. The starch content extracted from the tuber was 11.46% with the WBC and moisture content were 107% and 249% respectively. Results showed the starch solubility and swelling power gradually increased with the increasing of temperature ranging from 65°C to 95°C. Under a scanning electron microscope (SEM), it was observed the starch granules have polyhedral shapes and their size between 1.3 μm to 4.3 μm. The results obtained from differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) showed the starch transition temperature (To, Tp and Tc) were 74.54°C, 79.35°C and 83.36°C whereas, enthalpy of gelatinization (∆Hgel) was 4.12 Jg -1 . This research identify that starch from D. hispida has unique properties which can be used as a new starch source for various applications.
Highlights
Starch is reported as one of the most versatile macromolecules and listed as the second largest natural biopolymer next to cellulose
It was found that the D. hispida starch content was about 11.46 ± 0.08% which was much lower than that reported by Jiang et al (2012)
According to Takahashi and Seib (1988), at 50 – 60°C the amylose starch exists as crystals form and inhibit excessive granule to swell (Coulibaly et al, 2013)
Summary
Starch is reported as one of the most versatile macromolecules and listed as the second largest natural biopolymer next to cellulose. Dioscorea hispida or locally known in Malaysia as ‘ubi gadong’ is a starchy tuber which belongs to the genus Dioscorea within Dioscoreaceae family It is a poisonous creeping plant with a prickly stem twining to the left which can reach up to 20 meters in height, possesses a trifoliate leaves, hairy, form a bulky tuber which having white to yellow flesh and produces a small, pale yellow flower. Their habitat grows in the shade or near streams and be found in secondary forest (Nashriyah et al, 2010). It is reported found in India, Southern China including throughout Southeast Asia to New Guinea (Denham et al, 2007).There are about 1137 species of Dioscorea around the world only 600 of them are edible (Agbor-egbe and Treche, 1995; Poornima and Rai, 2009; Nashriyah et al, 2010)
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