Abstract
Mixed SnO2−RuO2 oxides were prepared by high-energy mechanical alloying of various proportions of pure SnO2 and RuO2 powders. The physicochemical characterization of the resulting materials was conducted by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical surface analysis. It is shown through XRD analysis that a single-phase (tetragonal) (Sn−Ru)O2 solid solution is formed over the whole composition range, in which the Sn4+ and Ru4+ ions share the same cationic sub-lattice of the rutile-like structure. The surface of the compounds was analyzed by XPS and shows a deficit of Ru atoms, with [Ru]surface = 36 at. % for an equimolar SnO2−RuO2 concentration in the bulk of the sample. In the case of pure nanocrystalline RuO2, the total surface charge, qT*, the most easily accessible surface charge, qO*, and the less easily accessible surface charge, qI*, are 35.3, 29.0, and 6.3 mC cm-2 mg-1, respectively. These surface charges vary linearly wi...
Published Version
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