Abstract
Amine-impregnated cotton stalk (AICS) prepared by the reaction of cotton stalk with epichlorohydrin, pyridine and trimethylamine was used as the effective adsorbent for perchlorate removal. Solid-state 13C NMR spectra, FT-IR, BET principle and element analysis provided evidence that amine groups have been successfully introduced onto the surface of AICS. The adsorption capacity of perchlorate by AICS was about 83.8mgg−1 at 20°C. It was decreased to 80.6mgg−1 as the temperature was increased to 40°C, which implied an exothermic nature for this adsorption process. Perchlorate adsorption capacity in fixed-bed column was optimum at neutral condition (pH: 6.0, 70.8mgg−1) with bed depth of 2.7cm and flow rate of 5mlmin−1. In addition, chemical regeneration by HCl or NaOH (0.1molL−1) achieved more than 95% of regeneration efficiency. Biological regeneration of the saturated AICS with mixed bacteria has shown its merit with regeneration and biological perchlorate destruction simultaneously although its regeneration efficiency was only 56.8–74.8%.
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