Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides from sea cucumbers possess distinct chemical structure and various biological activities. Herein, three types of polysaccharides were isolated and purified from Pattalus mollis, and their structures and bioactivities were analyzed. The fucosylated glycosaminoglycan (PmFG) had a CS-like backbone composed of the repeating units of {-4-d-GlcA-β-1,3-d-GalNAc4S6S-β-1-}, and branches of a sulfated α-l-Fuc (including Fuc2S4S, Fuc3S4S and Fuc4S with a molar ratio of 2:2.5:1) linked to O-3 of each d-GlcA. The fucan sulfate (PmFS) had a backbone consisting of a repetitively linked unit {-4-l-Fuc2S-α-1-}, and interestingly, every trisaccharide unit in its backbone was branched with a sulfated α-l-Fuc (Fuc4S or Fuc3S with a molar ratio of 4:1). Apart from the sulfated polysaccharides, two neutral glycans (PmNG-1 & -2) differing in molecular weight were also obtained and their structures were similar to animal glycogen. Anticoagulant assays indicated that PmFG and PmFS possessed strong APTT prolonging and intrinsic factor Xase inhibition activities, and the sulfated α-l-Fuc branches might contribute to the anticoagulant and anti-FXase activities of both PmFG and PmFS.
Highlights
Some sea cucumbers (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) are popular tonic foods and traditional Chinese medicines in China for centuries [1]
It is generally agreed that fucosylated glycosaminoglycan (FG) possesses a chondroitin sulfate (CS)-like backbone which consists of the disaccharide repeating units {-4-D-GalNAcS-β-1,3-D-GlcA-β-1-}, and the backbone is branched with fucose sulfate (FucS) [2,10]
PmFG, PmNG-1 and PmNG-2 were further isolated from Fraction-1 by ethanol fractionated precipitation and strong anion-exchange (FPA98) chromatography
Summary
Some sea cucumbers (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) are popular tonic foods and traditional Chinese medicines in China for centuries [1]. There are great differences among the structures of FS from various sea cucumbers, due to the diversity in chain lengths of repeating units, glycosidic linkages and/or sulfation patterns [5,22,23,24]. Apart from FG and FS, a neutral glycan (NG) was discovered from some sea cucumbers It showed no significant anticoagulant activity, compared with the sulfated polysaccharides [29]. Three types of polysaccharides, a fucosylated glycosaminoglycan (PmFG), a fucan sulfate (PmFS) and glycogen-like neutral glycans (PmNG-1 & PmNG-2) were isolated and purified from Pattalus mollis. Compared with some FS from other species of sea cucumber, PmFS showed relatively potent anticoagulant and anti-FXase activities, which might be due to its distinct structure of
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