Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Ground Water in the Basin of Gounti Yena Valley in Niamey City (Niger Republic)

Halidou Alassane Hado,Karmadine Hima,Nafissa Saidou,Abdourahmane Toure Amadou,Guillaume Favreau,Ibrahim Dan Dano,Mahaman Moustapha Adamou

doi:10.4236/jwarp.2022.142010

Abstract

The Gounti Yéna valley, the subject of this study, is a tributary of the Niger River, it is the main watercourse that divides the left bank of the city of Niamey into two unequal parts. The surface area of its watershed is estimated at about 62 Km2. The objective of the present study is on the one hand to evaluate the current state of the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of the water of Gounti Yéna basin, and on the other hand to define the risks of water pollution and its origin in the face of the phenomenon of rising water table of this basin. In order to carry out this work, we proceeded to a study of the evolution of the physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of the water of the basin of Gounti Yéna during the period going from November 2020 to October 2021, at the level of four points of sampling chosen from the upstream to the downstream of the basin. The results obtained showed that the physico-chemical quality of the water in Gounti Yéna basin is influenced by the lithology of the watershed, climatic factors (rainfall and temperature) and anthropic actions. This study also highlighted the presence of fecal contamination in the water of the Gounti Yéna basin, with a greater degree of emphasis during the rainy season. This contamination remains a concern and may constitute a health risk.

Highlights

Today, the world is facing many challenges, including an ever-increasing population and often anarchic urbanization [1]
The Gounti Yéna valley, the subject of this study, is a tributary of the Niger River, it is the main watercourse that divides the left bank of the city of Niamey into two unequal parts
The objective of the present study is on the one hand to evaluate the current state of the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of the water of Gounti Yéna basin, and on the other hand to define the risks of water pollution and its origin in the face of the phenomenon of rising water table of this basin

Summary

Introduction

The world is facing many challenges, including an ever-increasing population and often anarchic urbanization [1]. In Niger, floods are at the heart of the disaster risks faced by the country. They are the second most common natural disaster after droughts. Floods are not a new phenomenon in Niger because, since the beginning of the 1990s, there has been an increase in floods throughout the country. These can take many forms, including rising water tables and runoff due to climate change and anthropogenic effects. In the city of Niamey, there are three types of flooding [2]

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