Abstract
This work develops a grid based rainfall-runoff model (GRM), which is a physically based and spatially distributed model. Surface flow was analyzed using a kinematic wave model with the governing equations discretized using the finite volume method (FVM). This paper suggests a grid network flow analysis technique using variable rainfall intensity according to the flow directions to analyze one-dimensional flows between the grids. The model was evaluated by applying it to the Wuicheon watershed, a tributary of the Nakdonggang (Riv.), in Korea. The results showed that the grid-based, one-dimensional kinematic wave model adopted the FVM and the grid network flow analysis technique well. The simulation results showed good agreement with the observed hydrographs and the initial soil saturation ratio was most sensitive to the modeling results.
Highlights
Since Freeze and Harlan (1969) reported the potential of physically-based distributed models, these models have been developed for precise analysis of the effects of rapid land use and land development changes on watershed hydrological cycles (Abbott et al 1986)
The reference values for the initial soil saturation ratio, channel roughness coefficient and minimum slope of channel were changed to ±10% at ±2% intervals and the values were applied to runoff simulations, and the changes in the peak runoff, peak time and total runoff volume were reviewed
The grid network flow analysis technique was suggested to calculate the one-dimensional flows in the twodimensional grid domain
Summary
Since Freeze and Harlan (1969) reported the potential of physically-based distributed models, these models have been developed for precise analysis of the effects of rapid land use and land development changes on watershed hydrological cycles (Abbott et al 1986). Wang et al (2002) developed a distributed watershed model to calculate the hillslope discharge using diffusion wave equations and the FDM in overland flow. Jain et al (2004) and Jain and Singh (2005) suggested using distributed models for calculating the runoff in grid based watersheds using the two-dimensional diffusion wave equations and the FVM. The RSM (Regional Simulation Model) (SFWMD 2005) uses the shallow water flow equations and the FVM for calculating runoff in a TINs based watershed. In contrast to these studies, the present study tried to solve the kinematic wave equations using the FVM for grid-based, watershed-runoff modeling. Infiltration can be calculated using the Green-Ampt equations (Chow et al 1988)
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