Physical-layer authentication based on adaptive Kalman filter for V2X communication

Abstract

Security and authentication are an important guarantee for vehicle to everything (V2X). At present, V2X security schemes in most countries are based on public key infrastructure (PKI). These schemes require additional digital signatures when sending basic safety messages (BSMs), which means security requires additional overhead. Consequently, V2X communication efficiency will be affected in the case of traffic congestion. To solve this problem, we propose a physical-layer authentication model based on channel characteristics in the V2X environment. The model uses the Sage-Husa adaptive Kalman filter, which can dynamically adjust statistical properties of the noises according to observation. Furthermore, we select CSI and RSSI to design a physical-layer authentication scheme based on this model, which can replace the digital signature. Finally, we analyze the impact of the filter algorithm and the factors affecting the authentication threshold, and compare our work with similar schemes. As a result, the proposed scheme makes minor changes to the PKI-based V2X security and effectively reduces the overhead of security. Due to the time-varying channel characteristics, this scheme can prevent impersonation by malicious attackers, thereby improving the security of communication.