Physical therapy for orphan diseases (Goldenhar syndrome)

Abstract

The leading method of physical therapy for children with Goldenhar syndrome is the specialization of socialization and communication skills.
 Goldehar's syndrome is genetically heterogeneous, develops spontaneously and is characterized by underdevelopment of the auricles, deformation and abnormal location, macrostomia, anomalies of the palate, interspinal tongue, and additional frenulums. Tasks of physical therapy: increasing the working capacity of the body, with the help of efforts with normal tolerance to fatigue, development of willpower (perseverance, determination, endurance, etc.); fixing the correct reactions to kinetic, visual, verbal stimuli. The performance of these exercises facilitates initially simple, and over time complex verbal instructions, they may not be supported by the demonstration of movements; to encourage the release of the activity of motor movements, so that they have a meaningful character, motor qualities, and the development of motor functions in the child. All this is aimed at the orderliness of the child's activity, which becomes purposeful, and the behavior is more disciplined; increasing the level of concentration: learning the ability to listen, consider, and perform clear, understandable actions; harmonization of the emotional component, formation of communication skills between adults and the child, precisely because of this, the restlessness and aggression that may arise in the child is removed; encouraging interest in communication, developing collectivism, learning to work in a team, promoting interpersonal interactions in a group.
 The construction of the process of learning communication and motor actions is determined by the laws of the formation of motor skills and takes place over a certain period.
 To form this, interaction with the world and physical development are required. Therefore, the formation of these skills is important for determining the directions of the child's integration in society. The use of an improved complex program of physical therapy made it possible to form some new communication stereotypes, which gave children the opportunity to perform new motor actions at a new level of motor functions, combining them with communication skills. This made it possible to increase the quality of children's socialization.
 The conducted studies show that the improvement of existing physical therapy programs can ensure the achievement of the maximum possible positive result and improvement of the general social and communication status of a child with the orphan disease Goldenhar syndrome.