Physical health problems among patients seeking treatment for substance use disorders: A comparison of drug dependent and alcohol dependent patients

Abstract

Introduction and aims: The present study compared the types and severity of physical health problems among patients with drug or alcohol dependence.Design and methods: A total of 252 patients from one inpatient and two outpatient units were interviewed. Data were collected at the start of treatment using a structured research protocol to assess nine health domains, and ratings were made by a medically qualified physician following physical examination of the patient.Results: Physical health problems were common—76% of the sample had at least one problem and 51% had two or more problems. Health problems were often serious and required treatment with the overall level of severity significantly higher (p < .001) in alcohol dependent patients and specifically for neurological, gastrointestinal and liver, and dermatological problems. Among alcohol dependent patients, both quantity of drinking prior to treatment and age (p < .001) were associated with increased physical morbidity. For drug dependent patients, injection of drugs (p < .001) and homelessness (p = .037) were associated with poorer physical health. For both groups physical health was poorer among those treated in inpatient than in outpatient settings (p < .001). Discussion and Conclusions: The high prevalence of physical health problems among patients who are dependent on alcohol or other drugs emphasizes the importance of a thorough health screening at admission to treatment with provision for, or referral to, appropriate treatment for any problems identified