Abstract
Flooding has been increasing since 2004 in Japan due to localized heavy rainfall and geographical conditions. Determining areas vulnerable to flooding as one element of flood hazard maps related to disaster management for urban development is necessary. This research integrated Remote Sensing data, the Geography Information System (GIS) method and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) calculation to determine the physical flood-vulnerable area in Okazaki City. We developed this research by applying data from the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) to generate the slope map and drainage density; AMEDAS (Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System) from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) to generate the rainfall data; Soil map from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) data; and Sentinel-2 imagery to generate the land cover map. We applied the AHP calculation for weighting pairwise the parameters by comparing five iterations of the normalized matrix. We utilized the spatial analysis tool in ArcGIS to run the pairwise comparison to adjudicate the distribution of flooding according to the AHP procedure. The percentage of relative weight was slope (43%), drainage density (20%), rainfall intensity (17%), then both infiltration rate and land cover (10%). The consistency value was reasonable: consistency index (CI—0.007) and consistency ratio (CR—0.6%). We generated high accuracy for flood vulnerability prediction; 0.88 for Probability of Detection (POD), 0.28 for Probability of False Detection (POFD), 0.44 for Critical Success Index (CSI), 1.9 for Bias, and 95 of Area under Curve (AUC). The flood vulnerability was matched to the flood inundation survey of Okazaki City in August 2008 and indicated an excellent Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC).
Highlights
The flood vulnerability was matched to the flood inundation survey of Okazaki City in August 2008 and indicated an excellent Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC)
Japan is vulnerable to flooding due to its steep geography and humid climate characterized by torrential rains and typhoons [1]
Priority framework quality affects the effectiveness of available sources which are the essential judgment from the decision maker
Summary
Japan is vulnerable to flooding due to its steep geography and humid climate characterized by torrential rains and typhoons [1]. 50% of the total population in Japan and approximately 75% of its assets are located in flood-vulnerable areas [2]. The vulnerable areas are primarily in the alluvial plains [3]. The number of floods, and enhanced damage due to. Urban Sci. 2017, 1, 7; doi:10.3390/urbansci1010007 www.mdpi.com/journal/urbansci. Urban Sci. 2017, 1, 7 flooding, have increased since 2004 [1]. Several local heavy rainfalls in Japan have been documented by. In Aichi Prefecture, the number of days of heavy rainfall, i.e., days with hourly precipitation of ≥50 mm/h and ≥100 mm/h, has increased by 60% and 110.11% since 1979 [4].
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