Physical Exercises And Nutritional Guidance On Metabolic Syndrome In Obese Children And Adolescents

Abstract

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) increased among obese children and adolescents, but the effect of regular physical exercises practicing (PE) in adolescents with MS have been shortly investigated. PURPOSE We examined the effect of planned PE and nutritional guidance (NG) for MS reduction in obese adolescents. METHODS sixty four obese (26 boys, 38 girls), 10 to 16 years old, were classified as having the MS if they met three or more of the criteria for age and sex: Z-score BMI ≥ 2,0, hypertension, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia or hyperlipidemia. They were divided in two groups: GR1 with MS (n = 32); GR2, without MS (n = 32). Blood pressure (BP), abdominal circumference (AC) and direct maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were assessed in the beginning (1) and after 12 weeks (3) of PE and NG. Glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (TC) and fractions were measured in fasting, and glucose, insulin after 2 hours of glucose overload, and the Homeostatic Metabolic Assessments (HOMA) were determined. Exercise bout consisted of 45-minute indoor cycling, 45-minute walking and 20- minute stretching during 4 first weeks (35–55% VO2max intensity), increasing up to 55–75%, 3 times a week, totalizing 36 sessions. Significance of difference between groups was determined by T test (significance level p < 0,05). RESULTS Fifty five obese (GR 1: n = 27; GR 2: n = 28) completed at least 60% of the sessions. Age average was 13,41±1,47 years old in GR 1 and 13,38±1,76 in GR 2, and there was no difference between them. Initial rate of BMI, BP, AC, insulin, TC, LDL and TAG were higher in GR 1. Table show metabolic profile:TableAfter 12 weeks, there was a significant reduction of BMI, glycemia 120 and insunemia120 in both groups, but BP, fasting insulin and HOMA were a statistic decreasing only in GR 1. Both groups increased VO2170 and HDL and decreased AC and TAG. CONCLUSION BMI variations and effect the regular PE improved physical fitness and metabolic profile in the adolescents that took part in PE and NG program; moreover the individuals with MS presented significant reduction of BP, HOMA and insulin.