Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel coronavirus not previously recognized in humans until late 2019. On 31 December 2019, a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unspecified etiology was reported to the World Health Organization in China. The availability of adequate SARS-CoV-2 drugs is also limited, and the efficacy and safety of these drugs for COVID-2019 pneumonia patients need to be assessed by further clinical trials. For these reasons, there is a need for other strategies against COVID-19 that are capable of prevention and treatment. Physical exercise has proven to be an effective therapy for most chronic diseases and microbial infections with preventive/therapeutic benefits, considering that exercise involves primary immunological mediators and/or anti-inflammatory properties. This review aimed to provide an insight into how the implementation of a physical exercise program against COVID-19 may be a useful complementary tool for prevention, which can also enhance recovery, improve quality of life, and provide immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in the long term. In summary, physical exercise training exerts immunomodulatory effects, controls the viral gateway, modulates inflammation, stimulates nitric oxide synthesis pathways, and establishes control over oxidative stress.
Highlights
Pneumonia represents approximately 20% of patients infected by this new coronavirus, and 5% of patients require critical care, characterized by the presence of respiratory failure, severe acute respiratory syndrome, renal failure, septic shock, and multi-organ failure
A recent study has shown that ACE2 protects the murine lungs from acute lung injury as well as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-spike protein-mediated lung injury [65]. These results suggest a dual role for ACE2 in SARS infections and protection against Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Physical Ex training leads to increased blood flow and stress, which contributes to the endothelial expression of nitric oxide endothelial
Summary
Acute viral respiratory infections are essential public health trouble, with high morbidity and mortality in the world. Coronavirus (CoV) viral pathogens are a considerable family of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases, such as Middle East. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8496; doi:10.3390/ijerph17228496 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph. Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) [1]. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Is a novel coronavirus not previously recognized in humans until late 2019. On 31 December 2019, a cluster of bouts of pneumonia of unspecified etiology came to the attention of the World Health. SARS-CoV-2 was identified by the Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Virus Taxonomy in affected patients [2]
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