Abstract
The increasing penetration of stochastic renewable energy has raised interest in energy storage to supply electricity on demand. Batteries are currently the preferred solution but concerns about their environmental impact remain. An alternative solution can be Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), which is intrinsically more flexible since, contrary to batteries, the energy capacity and power rating are decoupled. In this study, we present a detailed thermodynamic model of a multistage quasi-isothermal CAES, which is optimized to increase photovoltaic (PV) self-consumption in a micro-grid located in Switzerland. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization is applied to determine the best operation schedule as well as capacity and power sizing and a parametric study is performed for various ratios of PV generation to load.Our results show that for a multi-family house that already invested in a PV system, adding CAES is not economically viable for a power level below 50 kW. However, CAES could become cost-effective for microgrids with a large PV generation share, since the cost of the energy-related part is rather low compared to the power-related part, making it more suitable for longer-term storage solutions (in comparison to batteries).
Highlights
Introduction and literature reviewTo cap the global warming below 2 ◦C, CO2 emissions must be reduced by 90% [1], and renewable energy capacity should be increased from less than 8% today to 34% by 2050 globally, according to sus tainable development scenario projected by IEA [2]
We present a detailed thermodynamic model of a multistage quasi-isothermal Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), which is optimized to increase photovoltaic (PV) self-consumption in a micro-grid located in Switzerland
For the techno-economic analysis, we evaluate the profitability of a CAES system by using the Net Present Value (NPV): NPV
Summary
Introduction and literature reviewTo cap the global warming below 2 ◦C, CO2 emissions must be reduced by 90% [1], and renewable energy capacity should be increased from less than 8% today to 34% by 2050 globally, according to sus tainable development scenario projected by IEA [2]. In Europe (EU28), the share of new renewable energy sources, namely solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind, increased by 108% p.a. from 22 GWh to 407 GWh be tween 2000 and 2016, when a share of 13% of total electricity genera tion was reached [3]. While electrochemical batteries are gaining momentum for short-term storage, they face environmental issues (e.g. utilization of rare raw material, recycling issues), and aging phenomena [7]. These problems have increased the attention paid to energy storage technol ogies with lower environmental impact [6] and longer lifetime
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