Abstract
Physical, chemical and mechanical properties of high belite cement (HBC) blended with high pulverized fly ash (HPFA) with stable ratio of silica fume (SF) in comparison with Portland cement (OPC) were investigated. Results showed that the water of consistency and setting times (Initial and final) tended to increase with the increase of HPFA content. The bulk density and compressive strength were also improved and enhanced with the increase of HPFS content at all hydration times, but only up to 15 % HPFA, and then decreased with further increase. However, the total porosity slightly decreased, but started to increase with further increase of >15 % HPFA. The free lime content of the pure OPC and HBC gradually were increased as the hydration times progressed up to 90 days, while those of blended cements increased only up to 7 days and then decreased onward. The results were confirmed by measuring the heat of hydration and ultrasonic pulse velocity for the optimum cement pastes comparing with those of both OPC and HBC. The heat of hydration of the optimum cement pastes was decreased at all hydration times and become lower than those of OPC and HBC. The ultrasonic pulse velocity test (USPV) proved that the uniformity and quality of the matrix of the hardened cement pastes are good with no cracks.
Highlights
1.1 Scope of the problemPortland cements (PCs) are being the main product for the fabrication of mortars and concretes in the building industry [1,2]
The raw materials which were used in the present research study are Ordinary Portland cement (OPC Type I- CEM I 42,5R), High belite cement (HBC), high pulverized flay ash (HPFA) and silica fume (SF)
There are five blended cement batches composed from Belite cement (BC), high pulverized fly ash (HPFA) and silica fume (SF)
Summary
1.1 Scope of the problemPortland cements (PCs) are being the main product for the fabrication of mortars and concretes in the building industry [1,2]. In spite of its ubiquitous usage, PC is a quite environmentally contentious material, where a ton of Portland cement clinker released about ~0.87 tons of CO2 into the atmosphere [3], that produces from the decomposition and burning of limestone and fuel This reduces into ~7% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions with BCs [4]. The production of infrastructures with a longer service life [10,11] would contribute to the overall decrease of CO2 footprint, as less cement will be needed This will reduce the production of concrete demolition waste in the future. It will be needed more durable cements with a lower embodied carbon content, novel techniques to quantify short- and long-term hydration chemistry and microand meso-structure developments [12], and original data correlation tools [13] for better predictions
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