Abstract
Antioxidant integration has been advocated for in polymer films, to exert their antioxidative effects in active packaging. In this study, the new antioxidant food packaging made from cassava starch–carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which is biodegradable, edible and inexpensive, was developed. Their properties were determined and applied in food models for application. Antioxidants (quercetin and tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)) were added at various concentrations into cassava starch–carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (7:3 w/w) films containing glycerol (30 g/100 g starch–CMC) as a plasticizer. The effects of quercetin and TBHQ concentrations on the mechanical properties, solubility, antioxidative activity, and applications of the films were investigated. Addition of antioxidant improved tensile strength, but reduced elongation at break of the cassava starch–CMC film. Cassava starch–CMC films containing quercetin showed higher tensile strength, but lower elongation at break, compared to films with TBHQ. Increases in quercetin and TBHQ content decreased water solubility in the films. Both the total phenolic content and antioxidative activity (DPPH scavenging assay) still remained in films during storage time (30 days). In application, cassava starch–CMC film containing quercetin and TBHQ can retard the oxidation of lard (35–70 days) and delay the discoloration of pork.
Highlights
The development of biodegradable films based on biopolymers has attracted attention, mainly due to their friendliness to the environment and their potential as a substitute for some petroleum polymers in the food packaging industry
The film containing 50 mg quercetin/200 mL film solution showed the highest Tensile strength (TS), and a film containing 100 mg tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)/200 mL film solution showed the highest elongation at break (EAB). These results were different to those obtained in a previous study with rice flour/cassava starch film containing antioxidants (PG, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)) where the type of antioxidant had no effect on mechanical properties of the film [20]
ML film solution showed the highest EAB
Summary
The development of biodegradable films based on biopolymers has attracted attention, mainly due to their friendliness to the environment and their potential as a substitute for some petroleum polymers in the food packaging industry. There is interest in the use of plant extracts and essential oils, as antioxidants to replace synthetic additives [10,11] This has another positive effect, as a part of the agro-industrial by-products will become an economical and practical source of potent antioxidants [11,12]. Oussalah et al [16] added essential oils in milk protein-based film Another natural antioxidant used in the production of films consists of extracts obtained from different varieties of tea [11]. Qin et al [19] used chitosan as a matrix biopolymer, and tea polyphenols solution as natural antioxidants, to develop a film to protect cooked pork sausages against oxidation In these studies, samples that were wrapped with active films had lower lipid oxidation ratios than the control. Nisa et al [17] and Qin et al [19] reported that the application of the active films increased the stability of the red color and prevented discoloration
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